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In many situations, governments have sector-specific tax and regulation policies at their disposal to influence the market
outcome after a national or an international merger has taken place. In this paper we study the implications for merger policy
when countries non-cooperatively deploy production-based taxes and firms may be partly owned by foreigners. We find that when
foreign firm ownership is low in the pre-merger situation, non-cooperative tax policies are more efficient after a national
merger, and smaller synergy effects are needed for this type of merger to be proposed and cleared. In contrast, cross-border
mergers dominate when the degree of foreign firm ownership is high initially. These results suggest a link between increasing
international portfolio diversification and the rising share of cross-border mergers. 相似文献
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Making Conditional Cash Transfer Programs More Efficient: Designing for Maximum Effect of the Conditionality 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Conditional cash transfer programs are now used extensivelyto encourage poor parents to increase investments in their childrenshuman capital. These programs can be large and expensive, motivatinga quest for greater efficiency through increased impact of theprograms imposed conditions on human capital formation.This requires designing the programs targeting and calibrationrules specifically to achieve this result. Using data from theProgresa randomized experiment in Mexico, this article showsthat large efficiency gains can be achieved by taking into accounthow much the probability of a childs enrollment is affectedby a conditional transfer. Rules for targeting and calibrationcan be made easy to implement by selecting indicators that aresimple, observable, and verifiable and that cannot be manipulatedby beneficiaries. The Mexico case shows that these efficiencygains can be achieved without increasing inequality among poorhouseholds. 相似文献
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Jens Madrian Thilo Kr?ber und Klaus Schulte 《Zeitschrift für Planung & Unternehmenssteuerung》2006,17(3):345-362
Zusammenfassung Wie werden Unternehmen in der Praxis bewertet? Welche bewertungstheoretischen Grundlagen liegen der
Bewertung zugrunde? Welche Themenstellungen im Rahmen des Akquisitionscontrolling sind von zentraler Bedeutung
für den Erfolg von M&A-Transaktionen? Als Gegenstand vieler Diskussionen und Faktoren mit erheblichem
Einfluss auf den Unternehmenswert k?nnen beispielhaft folgende Spannungsfelder aufgeführt werden:
Diese und weitere Fragestellungen werden – unterstützt durch einen theoretischen
Leitfaden – anhand einer Fallstudie aus der Bewertungspraxis dargestellt sowie diskutiert und es werden
L?sungsvorschl?ge hierfür angeboten.
• | Die übliche Annahme einer ewig werthaltigen Wachstumsrate bei der Bestimmung des Terminal Value führt h?ufig zu einer übersch?tzung des Terminal Value, weil das klassische Modell die zur Finanzierung des ewigen Wachstums notwendige h?here Kapitalbindung (z. B. Wachstumsinvestitionen und Working Capital) übersieht. In den meisten F?llen scheint es eher angemessen, davon auszugehen, dass sich zukünftig die Rendite (ROIC) den Kapitalkosten ann?hert. |
• | H?ufig wird Wertvernichtung durch M&A mit Fehlern in der Post-Merger-Integration-Phase begründet. Dabei wird nicht selten übersehen, dass Synergien im Vorfeld überbewertet werden und bei entsprechender Berücksichtigung im Kaufpreis im Nachgang des Unternehmenskaufes h?ufig gar keine M?glichkeit mehr besteht, nachhaltige Value Creation zu erzielen. |
Summary How should the value of a company be measured, and what tools and valuation methods should be used? What are the drivers in M&A that create a successful and value creating transaction?相似文献These, and other aspects of M&A’s will be addressed and discussed in this case study. The study will be based on our experiences in M&A-transactions, supported by the valuation basics and methodologies. The case study will draw conclusions, provide recommendations and possible solutions.
• It is not uncommon in M&A to use perpetuity growth rates when calculating the terminal value. Generally, we do not share this view as it neglects the incremental capital investments (ROIC) in fixed assets or working capital necessary to enable growth. To avoid overestimating the terminal value it is more appropriate that returns on incremental capital investment converge to the cost of capital (WACC). • The main reason commonly mentioned in literature for value destruction in M&A valuations is mistakes in the post-merger-integration phase. On many occasions – and in literally all industry sectors – synergies are valued quite optimistically. As a result, the transaction value paid is too high, so there is no real chance to create additional value in the first place.
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The reforms of the banking sector in China conducted so far have been seeking to accomplish, simultaneously, two conflicting goals. On the one hand, the objective was to prepare Chinese banks for international competition and put them at the pace with the transformations observed in its overall economy. On the other, there is a social-driven agenda concerning employment and regional inequalities. Using principal component analysis, this article explores the impact of the ongoing reforms in the Chinese banking sector on the performance of individual banks. The results show that despite identical regulation, business practices can be dissimilar at the individual level. Taken collectively, the results also show the increasing influence of Western management standards in the Chinese banking sector. 相似文献
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Intereconomics - Europe appears to be on a quest for so-called ‘European champions’. These firms have become a symbol and measure for European competitiveness. To date, we know little... 相似文献
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The electric utility industry is in transition but needs to move even faster if the country is to meet its emissions goals. The industry has historically moved cautiously, but policies and regulatory approaches must avoid unintentionally reinforcing the status quo. Incentive‐oriented policies and redesigned regulations must balance environmental sustainability with economic sustainability. The authors draw on well‐established corporate finance principles to guide more effective policies. Shareholder‐focused utility executives must make investments conditioned by three elements: (1) the return on equity the utility can expect to make on each project; (2) the investors' required return on equity capital for each project; and (3) the size of the investment. The well‐established economic value added (EVA) model can assist policy analysis: V=(r‐k)I; where V is the shareholder value created, r is the return on equity, k is the return investors require if they are to invest in the stock, and I is the scale of the project. Any new incremental V translates into higher stock prices. All three elements of their model (i.e., risk, return, and scale) require attention by regulators and policymakers to create value for shareholders. The authors show how the right state policies could create powerful incentives for shareholder focused utility executives to support such transitions. 相似文献