The 1985 Ohio S&L Crisis: An Examination of S&L Stockholder Wealth Effects

This paper examines the savings and loan (S&L) equity market reaction to the 1985 Ohio S&L Crisis. In contrast to the expectation of negative abnormal returns associated with contagion, the authors find, during the crisis period, significant positive abnormal returns that are larger for a portfolio of less solvent S&Ls, and a significant decline in systematic risk. The results are consistent with an insurance subsidy hypothesis whereby news of the FSLIC's inadequacy in conjunction with the crisis signaled greater future reluctance by regulators to close large federally-insured S&Ls.     

How to analyze foreign financial statements

To assess the financial performance and health of foreign competitors, or a proposed foreign acquisition, U.S. executives need to know how to assess foreign financial information and must understand the significant accounting differences among countries.     

Advertisement pacing and the learning of marketing information by the elderly

This study investigates how pace of information presentation to the elderly influences learning of marketing information. The learning task involved recalling or recognizing brand, product, and commercial information from three advertisements which were mechanically manipulated through time compression or expansion to expose a subject to the commercials at different paces. In order to test the total time hypothesis of Cooper and Pantle (1967), the total time of exposure was held constant by varying the repetitions of the advertisement. Results indicate that elderly consumers remember less than younger subjects, but support the total time hypothesis of no pacing effects for older subjects. Some support was also found for applicability to younger subjects.     

Hospital Cost Inflation and Physician Payment*

Abstract . The hypothesis that physicians use control over hospital resources to maximize their net revenue is examined to determine whether such behavior leads to more rapid growth of hospital costs. Theoretical and empirical studies are reviewed and hypotheses are developed regarding the relationship of cost increases to the method of physician payment. Exploratory comparisons of increases in hospital cost per patient day are made between Health Maintenance Organizations with salaried practice and Medical Foundations with fee-for-service. The association of international differences in the rate of increase of hospital cost per day with method of physician payment is explored in an Appendix in the microfiche supplement.     

An exploration of rule configuration effects on the ethical decision processes of advertising professionals

This study explores the ethical perceptions of advertising professionals regarding two child-oriented television advertising issues: deceptive messages and host selling. Differences in ethical evaluative and decision processes are investigated for both issues, using two evaluative rules. The results indicate that variations in advertisers’ ethical judgments and ethical intentions are affected by the type of rule(s) used during the evaluative process, and by the degree to which the rules are embraced. The article concludes with recommendations for advertising management and implications for future research. She graduated with honors in 1989 from Mississippi State University with a D.B.A. in marketing. She has practical experience in marketing research and her research interests are ethics and social responsibility, and professional services marketing. He received his Ph.D. in marketing from Michigan State University in 1980. He is the coauthor of two books on business ethics and has contributed numerous articles on ethics to various academic and applied business journals. He received his D.B.A. in marketing from Louisiana State University in 1969. He has coauthored two books on business ethics and has published articles on ethics in marketing journals. He is a frequent lecturer on business ethics. She graduated in 1990 from Mississippi State University with a D.B.A. in management. Her research interests are business ethics and student ethics, and corporate social responsibility.     

Measures of cognitive effort

In studying choice processes, it is generally assumed that the cognitive effort involved has a major influence on which process a consumer uses. However, a valid measure of such effort is lacking. To analyze convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability, several models of cognitive effort are tested using 14 measures. The best-fitting model has three constructs: total cognitive effort, cognitive strain, and time. Predictive validity is also tested. For choices involving a single period of processing, decision time and two verbal protocol measures are recommended. For choices that occur over multiple periods of processing, three self-report items are recommended.I would like to thank Robert J. Thomas, Johny K. Johansson, and Sandra Burke for their comments on earlier drafts of this paper and the editor for his encouragement.