Audit Reports in Australia during the Global Financial Crisis

The Global Financial Crisis reduced economic growth, impacted equity and credit markets, and increased business risk. To the extent that this increased risk translates into greater uncertainty of companies’ ability to continue as going concerns, this should be reflected in audit reports. This paper investigates how the crisis impacted auditor reporting in Australia by examining the period 2005–2009. It finds that the main reason for audit report modification is going concern and that modification rates increased from 12% in 2005–2007 to 18% in 2008 and 22% in 2009. Serious audit report qualification rates remain around 3%.     

How Segmented are Skilled and Unskilled Labour Markets: the Case of Beveridge Curves

This paper tests whether there is evidence that two distinct Beveridge curves for the skilled and unskilled aggregate markets exist. The results support the hypothesis and specifically find that the unskilled labour segment is less efficient at matching workers with jobs, primarily due to higher labour turnover rates. Higher turnover rates can be indicative of a poor match between employers' and jobseekers' expectations. The results also indicate that other shift variables, such as the replacement rate, the incidence of long-term unemployment, the immigration rate and the market circumstances in the skilled segment were only important for the unskilled segment.     

A tale of three cities: Large,medium, and small consumer markets compared

In what size consumer markets does the consumer fare best — those of large, medium-sized, or small cities/towns? This is the general question that this article seeks to answer through analysis of price-quality data pertaining to Minneapolis (a large city), Ann Arbor, MI, and Ithaca, NY (a small town). While differences were smaller than expected, limited evidence from this pilot study support the notion that small markets are most efficient. At the same time the analysis confirms others' findings that most consumer markets are chaotic.     

TAKEOVER RIGHTS AND THE VALUE OF RESTRICTED SHARES

The premium paid for superior voting shares relative to restricted shares in dual-class equity firms is well documented but not fully explained. In this paper, evidence that the premium reflects the expectation of higher cash flows in takeovers for superior shares is found by examining regulatory actions that changed the right of restricted shares to participate in takeovers. The extension of takeover rights to restricted shares resulted in a significant decline in the premium for superior shares, and the retraction of takeover rights had the reverse effect. This supports the hypothesis that the market expected the restricted shares to be treated less favorably in takeovers.     

Salute and critique: Remarks on Ratchford and Gupta's analysis of price-quality relations

The author argues that the assumptions contained in the model constructed by Ratchford and Gupta in an earlier issue of this journal are highly unrealistic. These assumptions concern the nature, extent, and outcome of consumer search. In the opinion of the author, Ratchford and Gupta's conclusion that the lack of a price-quality correlation is most likely not the most important determinant of consumer losses, is a child of the assumptions of the model. Had Ratchford and Gupta made the more realistic assumption that consumers search little, the typical near-zero correlation between price and quality would probably have been a very important determinant of losses.

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Zusammenfassung Respekt und Kritik: Bemerkungen zur Analyse der Beziehungen zwischen Preis und Qualität von Ratchford und Gupta. Soweit sich der Autor kritisch mit dem genannten Aufsatz auseinandersetzt, wendet er sich vor allem gegen die Annahmen des Modells der beiden Autoren. Diese Annahmen betreffen die Art, das Ausma\ und das Ergebnis der Informationssuche von Konsumenten. Nach Auffassung dieses Autors ist die Schlu\folgerung des ursprünglichen Beitrages, die niedrige Preis-Qualitäts-Korrelation sei nämlich nicht der wichtigste Faktor von Kaufkraftverlusten der Konsumenten, lediglich eine Implikation dieser unrealistischen Modellannahmen. Hätten Ratchford und Gupta die wirklichkeitsnähere Annahme gemacht, da\ Konsumenten wenig Information suchen, wäre die typische geringe Korrelation zwischen Preis und Qualität ein sehr wesentlicher Bestimmungsfaktor für Kaufkraftverluste gewesen.