面授和在线教学中的师生行为：应对复杂概念（下）

结果 人员信息 教授是一位经验丰富的教育者．具有护理学博士学位．已从事了七年面授教学。然而,她却是在线环境下教学的新手。有18个面授学生和10个在线学习的学生同意参与本研究。27个女生。1个男生：22人为业余学习,其余6人为全日制学生。平均年龄是39岁（面授学生平均37岁,远程的学生平均42岁）,他们的平均工龄为16．5年。     

The drama of interaction within business networks

We propose a dramaturgical approach to the understanding of business networks with particular reference to IMP research. Our purpose is to focus upon immeasurable processes and practices too often neglected by the tangible, variance modeling of business networks (Colville & Pye, 2010; Rinallo & Golfetto, 2006). This paper follows our call to take language and communication more seriously (Ellis, Lowe & Purchase, 2006). The inventive fluidity of communication, in the form of dramaturgy, when added to the rather more entitative IMP model of Actors, Resources and Activities (Håkansson & Snehota, 1995) creates a more processual, theatrical ‘scenario’ of Actor-Characters, Resource Props and Scripted Activities. We employ the dramaturgical approach of Goffman (1956, 1961) which, in keeping with the approach of the IMP Group is centrally attentive to social interaction. In order to illustrate the potential contribution of this approach, we apply this dramaturgical perspective to the interactions described in a published case study (Helander & Möller, 2007, 2008a, 2008b).     

Global Insights Into Essential Elements Food Safety: The Chinese Example

This article brings together insights on the global challenges of achieving a safe food system. Through looking at examples of food safety initiatives, relevant success factors are identified and then distilled into five essential elements for developing a robust and safe food system. While much of the work in this area looks at government initiatives, this article looks particularly at industry-led initiatives. The article includes a brief look at the importance of food in Chinese culture and the current structure of the Chinese food chain. Specific initiatives from other markets are reviewed, and the five elements are outlined.     

Contextualizing Voice and Stakeholders: Researching Employment Relations,Immigration and Trade Unions

This article aims to outline some of the ways in which issues of migration and employment relations have been studied in the European context, cross referencing recent interventions in the USA. The argument is a discussion of some of the different dimensions of migration and the way debates within Industrial Relations have been shaped. More specifically, the article will look at the way trade unions have made the ethical turn towards questions of migration and equality. The article will observe the way these issues have been academically framed and the manner in which the ‘problem’ of migration is conceptualized. It will attempt to provide a framework for discussing the way we have been analysing these issues and the ethical dimensions of these discussions. The relevance of the article is that institutionally responding to migration is not solely a question of adjusting employment relations or Industrial Relations institutions to various ‘new’ constituencies. The article will show that the topic raises issues as to how we actually understand what the study of employment and especially Industrial Relations are. The article also argues that there is a growing need for researchers to be aware of ethical issues when studying in the area of migration, and to be sensitive to competing voices and methodologies in this area. In particular we need approaches that are multidimensional and that emphasize the history and context of change in social constituencies, the new mechanisms of representation within communities, the role of the political in terms of discourses and resources, and the broad play and spaces of regulation and social policy.     

A Test of the Conditional CAPM with Simultaneous Estimation of the First and Second Conditional Moments

Recent studies of the conditional Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) are extended by modeling the first and second conditional moments separately, but estimating them jointly, allowing the isolation of time-varying influences in the different moments. Results support evidence that both conditional moments and conditional risk parameters are time varying, and help shed light on previous rejections of the conditional CAPM. The GMM test of the over-identifying restrictions fails to reject the null that the CAPM holds through time when a non-linear specification is used, and only weakly rejects the null with a linear specification.     

Assessing the importance of measurement error in capital investment models

New developments in the economics of capital investment emphasize the role of financial variables. Econometric evidence on these hypotheses is potentially compromised by measurement error due to accounting conventions. The paper reviews new capital investment models and considers ways in which accounting procedures might lead to measurement error biases. Advances in errors-in-variables econometric models are employed to gauge the impact of measurement error on estimates of financial influences on capital investment. Cash-flow models appear to be especially susceptible to measurement error but q models seem fairly insensitive to measurement problems.     

Positioning for the future

The next two years is a make or break period for companies, and the way business leaders respond will determine winners and losers for the next decade. Deloitte's UK Chief Executive and Global Chairman, John Connolly , explains how.