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41.
Emmanuel Chinyere Egbe 《The Review of Black Political Economy》1991,20(2):65-87
In this article the translog cost function with non-neutral parameter shifts is used to study the import demand functions
of agricultural commodities which African countries export in competition with other developing regions of the world. It is
shown that there has been a systematic bias against the import of these commodities from Africa in favor of importing them
from other developing regions. It is then argued that these results support the apprehensions of many African leaders regarding
the adoption of a policy of agriculture-based, exportled growth to accelerate economic development on the continent.
This article has benefited tremendously from valuable comments and insights by two anonymous referees, the journal editor,
as well as Adesina Fadairo and Ki-Ho Kim. All remaining errors are mine. 相似文献
42.
Using an overlapping generations production‐economy model characterized by financial repression, purposeful government expenditures and cost of tax collection, we analyse whether financial repression can be explained by the cost of raising taxes. We show that with public expenditures affecting utility of the agents, modest costs of tax collection tend to result in financial repression being pursued as an optimal policy by the consolidated government. However, when public expenditures are purposeless, the above result only holds for relatively higher costs of tax collection. But, more importantly, costs of tax collection cannot produce a monotonic increase in the reserve requirements. What are critical, in this regard, are the weights the consumer assigns to the public good in the utility function and the size of the government. 相似文献
43.
Iigo Herguera Praveen Kujal Emmanuel Petrakis 《International Journal of Industrial Organization》2000,18(8):133
In a vertical product differentiation model under Cournot competition both foreign and domestic firms respond by lowering their investment in long-run quality for a quantity restriction at, and in the neighborhood of, the free trade import level. Average quality increases only when the low-quality foreign firm faces a substantially restrictive quota/voluntary export restraint. The change in quality depends on whether the foreign firm is of high or low quality and upon the restrictiveness of the quota. The imposition of quantity restrictions has important strategic effects on the long-run choice of quality. 相似文献
44.
Pierre‐Richard Agnor Nihal Bayraktar Emmanuel Pinto Moreira Karim El Aynaoui 《The World Economy》2006,29(11):1519-1547
This paper presents a macroeconomic approach to monitoring progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Sub‐Saharan Africa. At the heart of our framework is a macro model which captures key linkages between foreign aid, public investment (disaggregated into education, infrastructure and health), the supply side and poverty. The model is then linked through cross‐country regressions to indicators of malnutrition, infant mortality, life expectancy and access to safe water. A composite MDG Indicator is also calculated. The functioning of our framework is illustrated by simulating the impact of an increase in foreign aid to Niger at the MDG horizon of 2015, under alternative assumptions about the degree of efficiency of public investment. Our approach can serve as the building block for Strategy Papers for Human Development (SPAHD), a more encompassing concept than the current ‘Poverty Reduction’ Strategy Papers. 相似文献
45.
Jimenez Emmanuel; Lockheed Marlaine; Wattanawaha Nongnuch 《World Bank Economic Review》1988,2(2):139-164
Cost-effectiveness is a key consideration in the policy debateon the appropriate role of private schools in predominantlypublic school systems. This article analyzes the relative performanceof public and private schools in Thailand in enhancing eighthgrade student scores in standardized mathematics tests, givenstudent background and school characteristics. Its main conclusionis that private schools are, on average, more effective andless costly than public schools in improving student performancein mathematics. 相似文献
46.
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48.
This paper explores, investigates and analyses the rationale, approach and outcomes of the attempts by management to control the behaviour of front–line service workers through the institutionalization of customer tipping. It presents evidence generated from an in–depth case study of a highly successful UK restaurant group to suggest that the management of tipping is a way of controlling the behaviour of front–line service workers. However, rather than view such control as purely exploitative and one–sided, it is argued that there is a degree of 'mutual instrumentality', in that the findings suggest that workers voluntarily and consciously submit to subjugation for purely instrumental benefits. 相似文献
49.
THE PUBLIC SUBSIDIZATION OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A Review of Equity and Efficiency 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The public sector in developing countries has traditionallyplayed an important role in the financing of educational andhealth services. This review finds, however, that the shareof public subsidies in these two sectors is not progressive,that is, proportionately higher for individuals in the lowersocioeconomic groups. This distribution persists despite explicitpolicies of universal free provision in many countries. Thearticle argues that the extent and pattern of public spendingcontribute to underinvestment and to a misallocation of scarceresources within the education and health sectors. 相似文献
50.
This paper proves the fundamental theorem of asset pricing with transaction costs, when bid and ask prices follow locally bounded càdlàg (right-continuous, left-limited) processes. The robust no free lunch with vanishing risk condition (RNFLVR) for simple strategies is equivalent to the existence of a strictly consistent price system (SCPS). This result relies on a new notion of admissibility, which reflects future liquidation opportunities. The RNFLVR condition implies that admissible strategies are predictable processes of finite variation. The Appendix develops an extension of the familiar Stieltjes integral for càdlàg integrands and finite-variation integrators, which is central to modelling transaction costs with discontinuous prices. 相似文献