1GHz以上微波暗室电场强度标准及误差分析

本文阐述了利用系列角锥喇叭建立１ＧＨｚ以上微波暗室标准电场强度的原理和方法。导出了角锥喇叭近场增益的简化公式。简述了２０８０天线测试系统及三天线法测量技术，且对测量误差进行了分析。理论和实验结果表明，建立标准电场强度的误差≤０．５ｄＢ。     

充分利用伊斯堡博览会为我体育、旅游用品开拓西欧市场

<正> (一) 伊斯堡(ISPO)博览会是世界上门类最全,规模最大的体育用品专业博览会。每年春秋两次在联邦德国的慕尼黑举行,会期四天,展馆面积为十二万平方米。每次参展厂商有1500～2000家左右,几乎包括世界上所有著名的体育用品厂商。他们通过别具匠心的广告宣传和各式各样的模特儿表演,吸引顾客,扩大知名度,提高竞争力,促进贸易。展览会展出的最时新的品种,款式新颖,琳琅满目。主要品种有运动服装、运动鞋、健身器材、球类、登山和滑雪器材,包袋、睡袋、帐篷等露营用品,滑水、潜水和船舶等水上运动器材以及其他体育用品。     

The pricing of lookback options and binomial approximation

Refining a discrete model of Cheuk and Vorst, we obtain a closed formula for the price of a European lookback option at any time between emission and maturity. We derive an asymptotic expansion of the price as the number of periods tends to infinity, thereby solving a problem posed by Lin and Palmer. We prove, in particular, that the price in the discrete model tends to the price in the continuous Black–Scholes model. Our results are based on an asymptotic expansion of the binomial cumulative distribution function that improves several recent results in the literature.     

Der Flexibilitätsbeitrag in der Arbeitslosenversicherung

The controversy around fixed-term contracts centres around the conflict between the employer’s need for flexibility and the employee’s need for security. The authors propose flexible contributions for employers to the public unemployment insurance system to balance both interests. The employers’ contributions for their temporary staff would increase while the contributions for their permanent staff would in turn decrease slightly. The authors calculate four versions. With regards to the total sum of contributions, the first version holds the contributions received constant while the second version leads to a reduction. They then repeat these two calculations for fixed-term contracts without substantive grounds. The flexibility premium takes into account the higher unemployment risk of employees with fixed-term contracts and establishes monetary incentives for employers to hire employees with permanent contracts.     

Modernization and dependency revisited: U.S. direct investment,development, and polity in Latin America, 1950–1998*

Since World War II, the modernization model has been the mainstream paradigm for economic development. Modernization assumes that foreign capital is a necessary catalyst for transforming societies from traditional to modem. Challenges to the modernization paradigm culminated in dependency theory. Dependency theorists point to detrimental effects of foreign capital and domination (e.g., income inequality, authoritarianism, and inappropriate consumption). Despite the charge by many scholars that this debate has subsided, basic but important questions remain to be answered. This paper assesses the role of U.S. direct investment (USDI) on the major economies of Latin America over time (1950–1998). Using Vector Autoregression, we look at the long‐term political relationships between USDI, economic development, and the degree of authoritarianism in the host country's government. We treat these variables as endogenous as both dependency and modernization hypothesize relationships among them. We find that there are only weak long‐term relationships between polity, development, and USDI. These results fully support neither the modernization nor the dependency model.     

Ecotour Guide Training in Less Developed Countries: Some Preliminary Research Findings

This paper presents a critical discussion of the internationally prevailing understanding of the concept 'sustainable tourism'. It is argued that the current focus on stationary activities and local, intensive environmental issues is too limited both in relation to the concept of tourism and the concept of sustainable development. There is no tourism without travel. And, as shown in a Norwegian research study, tourist travel is a major source of serious environmental problems. The paper emphasises that sustainable tourism should be linked to a concept of sustainable mobility. However, this mobility would imply not only a change in the means of transport but also a reduced level of mobility in the rich part of the world. As this would entail new forms of tourism, other than those solely based on auto- and aeromobility, it represents a major challenge for the future development of tourism.