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91.
92.
We use data from Germany, The Netherlands, Portugal and Spain to test for the effect of earnings variation on individual
earnings. We replicate estimates for the USA and find that the variance of earnings in an occupation affects individual wages
positively while the skewness of earnings has a negative effect. Both results are in conformity with wage compensation for
risk averse workers.
First version received: March 2001/Final version received: July 2002
We are grateful to two anonymous referees for valuable comments. 相似文献
93.
The applied econometrics of bivariate count data predominantly focus on a bivariate Poisson density with a correlation structure that is very restrictive. The main limitation is that this bivariate distribution excludes zero and negative correlation. This paper introduces a new model which allows for a more flexible correlation structure. To this end the joint density is decomposed by means of the multiplication rule in marginal and conditional densities. Simulation experiments and an application of the model to recreational data are presented. 相似文献
94.
95.
Knud Erik Svendsen 《Journal of Economics》1960,20(1-2):244-251
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
96.
The option of climate adaptation is becoming more and more important in climate change policy. A large number of countries has already initiated a process of adaptation by drafting strategies or catalogues of measures. Hence there is an urgent need to support this process at the scientific level. The discipline of economics has a key role to play in this context. Against this background, this paper scrutinises the fundamental economic questions challenging the adaptation policy which is broadly supported. It outlines how economics may contribute to a successful adaptation process concerning the objectives of adaptation policies, appropriate instruments, the role of both spontaneous and planned adaptation as well as possible assessment tools for evaluation of adaptation policies. 相似文献
97.
In order to compete, firms must constantly gather and assess information that will help them identify and evaluate emerging opportunities. Their social context is instrumental in determining what information they have to work with and how they might make sense of and act upon that information. Unfortunately, many firms allow themselves to become under-connected, which isolates them from new sources of information, or over-reliant on just a few connections, creating a bottleneck for the flow of information. Herein, we describe how these problems manifest themselves among the network of interlocked directors, which is created when directors of firms sit on multiple boards. This network is so vast and complex that fully understanding the position and structure of a given firm's board interlocks remains elusive. Toward solving this problem, we offer five keys to developing a board with effective interlocks, as well as three cautions regarding how board interlocks could potentially hurt firms. 相似文献
98.
Many trading companies have taken a global approach to their supply markets, sourcing from low-cost foreign countries in order to achieve cost reductions. There remains, however, a lack of evidence that sourcing internationally actually leads to improved economic performance. This can be explained by two key challenges in terms of how to achieve a balance between: (1) purchasing and logistics costs, and (2) customer service. The purpose of this paper is to examine the organisation and management of international supply from a total cost perspective, taking into account both purchasing and logistics costs, as well as customer service and agility. Previous research into a number of Norwegian companies that have sourced from China has identified four configurations for managing international supply. This paper utilises the supply management literature and an example of a Norwegian retail and wholesale company to analyse and discuss these configurations and their effects on total costs and customer service. The paper's theoretical contribution is the conceptualisation of a total cost perspective on international supply management and the discussion of such costs in relation to customer service. This contribution may, in turn, aid companies that source from foreign, low-cost countries. 相似文献
99.
Let
be a sequence of differential information economies, converging to a limit differential information economy
(written as
). Denote by
the set of all ε-private core allocations, ε ≥ 0 (for ε=0 we get the private core of Yannelis (1991), denoted by
). Under appropriate conditions, we prove the following stability results
JEL Classification Numbers D82, D50, D83, C62, C71, D46, D61Most of this work was done in Spring 2001, when Balder held a visiting professorship at the University of Illinois. Presentations based on this paper were given by Balder at the Midwestern Theory Conference in Madison, Wisconsin (May, 2001) and at the SAET Conference in Ischia, Italy (June, 2001). 相似文献
(1) | (upper semicontinuity): if , , and if f k → f ∞ L 1-weakly, then . |
(2) | (lower semicontinuity): if , , ε > 0, then there exist , with f k → f ∞ L 1-weakly. |
100.
Erik Bengtsson Anna Missiaia Mats Olsson Patrick Svensson 《The Economic history review》2018,71(3):772-794
This article examines the evolution of wealth inequality in Sweden from 1750 to 1900, contributing both to the debate on early modern and modern inequality and to the general debate on the pattern of inequality during industrialization. The pre‐industrial period (1750–1850) is for the first time examined for Sweden at the national level. The study uses a random sample of probate inventories from urban and rural areas across the country, adjusted for age and social class. Estimates are provided for the years 1750, 1800, 1850, and 1900. The results show a gradual growth in inequality as early as the mid‐eighteenth century, with the sharpest rise in the late nineteenth century. Whereas the early growth in inequality was connected to changes in the countryside and in agriculture, the later growth was related to industrialization encompassing both compositional effects and strong wealth accumulation among the richest. The level of inequality in Sweden in 1750 was lower than for other western European countries, but by 1900 Sweden was just as unequal. 相似文献