Saudi women entrepreneurs: A growing economic segment

The purpose of this study is to explore the sources of knowledge and support for Saudi Arabian women entrepreneurs when starting or operating a new venture. The study examines factors relevant to knowledge base, family support, and external support from outside sources that may influence venture creation. The findings reveal that women are the principal in the majority (55%) of women-owned businesses. A total of 70% of the women own more than 51% of the business and 42% started the business by themselves. Saudi Arabian businesswomen are highly educated, receive strong support from family and friends, and rate themselves as excellent in people skills and innovation. Further research should focus on qualities that contribute to successful women-owned firms in Saudi Arabia. The current study contributes to the literature by focusing on Saudi women entrepreneurs. The understanding of entrepreneurship around the world grows through these findings from a Saudi Arabian context. The results show that Chang, Memili, Chrisman, Kellermanns, and Chua's (2009) model of venture creation is applicable to the broader entrepreneurial and family business population. A discussion of the implications relevant to the business environment, challenges, and opportunities in Saudi Arabian women's entrepreneurship brings this paper to a close.     

In Pursuit of Equal Taxation: Jersey City's Struggle Against Corporate Arrogance and Tax-Dodging by the Railroad Trust

Abstract . Mark Fagan, progressive Republican who became Mayor of Jersey City in 1901, and his adviser, City Corporation Counsel George L. Record, both followers of Henry George, attempted to use taxation to break up the railroad trust and regulate the railroads. They believed that community wealth belonged to the people, whether it be land or franchises. Their efforts to achieve equal taxation made it a paramount state issue but it failed because the voters were not prepared to approve the social reorganization needed to overcome corporate arrogance and end corporate privilege. But to escape equal taxation the railroads accepted regulation.     

Charting the difficulties to the top: A study of executive mobility patterns

It is odd with all the emphasis today on developing managerial personnel that little effort is given to discovering who is progressing and regressing and at what rates.     

The Stolper–Samuelson Theorem Faces Congress

The factor–industry detachment corollary of the Stolper–Samuelson theorem predicts that the economic interests of trade policy are independent of industry and depend only on the type of factor ownership. This paper examines whether congressional voting patterns on trade policy are determined by the factor endowment of the constituency or by its industrial composition. The industry model of trade policy determination is not rejected by the empirical tests while the results for the factor model are ambiguous. This provides evidence that the literature examining congressional voting patterns on broad-based trade policy should re-evaluate the maintained assumption that factors do not matter.