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981.
Abstract . This is the first empirical study to examine Congressional support of a new law that distributes antidumping duties to protected firms. Because the law produces a transparent measure of how much each firm was rewarded for its efforts to secure the bill's passage, it provides researchers with a unique opportunity to study the link between the expected financial returns to firms, campaign contributions, and Congressional behaviour. Our results indicate that campaign contributions from beneficiaries increased the likelihood that lawmakers would sponsor the law, while contributions from the law's beneficiaries increased with the rewards they expected to receive. 相似文献
982.
983.
This paper considers the problem of a monopoly matchmaker that uses a schedule of entrance fees to sort different types of agents on the two sides of a matching market into exclusive meeting places, where agents randomly form pairwise matches. We make the standard assumption that the match value function exhibits complementarities, so that matching types at equal percentiles maximizes total match value and is efficient. We provide necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for the revenue-maximizing sorting to be efficient. These conditions require the match value function, modified to incorporate the incentive cost of eliciting private type information, to exhibit complementarities in types.JEL Clalssification Numbers C7, D4We thank Jonathan Levin, Tracy Lewis, and the seminar audience at University of California at Los Angeles, University of British Columbia, Duke University, and 2003 Econometric Society North American Summer Meeting for comments and suggestions. We are also grateful for helpful suggestions from the referees and the Editor 相似文献
984.
Patricia E. Perkins 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2007,9(3):227-244
Synopsis New developments in feminist ecological economics and ecofeminist economics are contributing to the search for theories and
policy approaches to move economies toward sustainability. This paper summarizes work by ecofeminists and feminist ecological
economists which is relevant to the sustainability challenge and its implications for the discipline of economics. Both democracy
and lower material throughputs are generally seen as basic principles of economic sustainability. Feminist theorists and feminist
ecological economists offer many important insights into the conundrum of how to make a democratic and equity-enhancing transition
to an economy based on less material throughput. These flow from feminist research on unpaid work and caring labor, provisioning,
development, valuation, social reproduction, non-monetized exchange relationships, local economies, redistribution, citizenship,
equity-enhancing political institutions, and labor time, as well as creative modeling approaches and activism-based theorizing.
相似文献
985.
Andrea Saayman 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(2):183-199
This article indicates how different measures of the real exchange rate, i.e., the exchange rate adapted for cost inflation,
price inflation and labour costs, influence the equilibrium view and misalignment of the South African rand/US dollar exchange
rate. The approach followed is based on the behavioural equilibrium exchange rate approach by Clark and MacDonald (1998), where the exchange rate is influenced by a number of fundamental and transitory factors. The real equilibrium exchange
is estimated by using a single equation regression and a number of key explanatory variables. To determine the long-run relationship
a Vector Error Correction Mechanism is used. 相似文献
986.
Spatial welfare economics versus ecological footprint: modeling agglomeration,externalities and trade 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fabio Grazi Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh Piet Rietveld 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2007,38(1):135-153
A welfare framework for the analysis of the spatial dimensions of sustainability is developed. It covers agglomeration effects,
interregional trade, negative environmental externalities, and various land use categories. The model is used to compare rankings
of spatial configurations according to evaluations based on social welfare and ecological footprint indicators. Five spatial
configurations are considered for this purpose. The exercise is operationalized with the help of a two-region model of the
economy, that is, in line with the ‘new economic geography.’ By generating a number of numerical ‘counter-examples,’ it is
shown that the footprint method is inconsistent with an approach aimed at maximum social welfare. Unless environmental externalities
are such a large problem that they overwhelm all other components of economic well-being, a ‘spatial welfare economic’ approach
delivers totally different rankings of alternative land use configurations than the ecological footprint.
相似文献
987.
988.
Governments around the world are beginning to embrace a new form of environmental regulation – mandatory disclosure of information.
While information disclosure programs appear to have an impact on subsequent firm behavior – often resulting in lower levels
of pollution – little is known about the costs and benefits of these programs and whether or not they enhance social welfare.
This paper presents a simple bargaining model where mandatory information disclosure is used to overcome a lack of information
on the part of the public. We characterize the conditions under which information disclosure will lead to a reduction in emissions,
and ultimately, the conditions under which it will enhance social welfare. Several extensions of the model are briefly explored,
including the effect of two sources of pollution – only one of which is subject to information disclosure.
This paper was prepared while V. Santhakumar was a Visiting Scholar at the Vanderbilt Center for Environmental Management
Studies, Vanderbilt University. 相似文献
989.
Economic reforms,efficiency and productivity in Chinese banking 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyzes the impact of banking reforms on efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) change in Chinese banking
industry. Using an input distance function, we find that joint-equity banks are more efficient than wholly state-owned banks
(WSOBs). Furthermore, both WSOBs and joint-equity banks are found to be operating slightly below their optimal size, suggesting
potential advantages in expansion of their businesses. Overall, TFP growth was 4.4% per annum for the sample period 1993–2002.
Joint-equity banks experienced much higher growth in TFP (5.5% per annum) compared to the WSOBs (1.4% per annum).
相似文献
990.
We study the optimal timing of adoption of a cleaner technology and its effects on the rate of growth of an economy in the
context of an AK endogenous growth model. We show that the results depend upon the behavior of the marginal utility of environmental
quality with respect to consumption. When it is increasing, we derive the capital level at the optimal timing of adoption.
We show that this capital threshold is independent of the initial conditions on the stock of capital, implying that capital-poor
countries tend to take longer to adopt. Also, country-specific characteristics, as the existence of high barriers to adoption,
may lead to different capital thresholds for different countries. If the marginal utility of environmental quality decreases
with consumption, a country should never delay adoption; the optimal policy is either to adopt immediately or, if adoption
costs are “too high”, to never adopt. The policy implications of these results are discussed in the context of the international
debate surrounding the environmental political agenda.
相似文献