Social protection and regional convergence in a European Monetary Union

This paper addresses convergence in social protection and GDP in a European Economic and Monetary Union. We evaluate the impact of recently proposed EC social minimum requirements on regional convergence within the EC. Subsequently, we analyze a system of differentiated social norms as a means of raising social protection in countries with lower social standards.     

Concentration,unionization and the distribution of income in Canadian manufacturing industry

An attempt is made to assess how the unionization of labor and the presence of buyers possessing monopsony power affects the distribution of income among the factors of production in Canadian manufacturing. It is found that these variables have a composite effect. They transfer income from factors of production in one industry to the factors in another. They also affect the distribution of income between labor and capital within industries.     

A dynamic balance sheet management model for a Canadian chartered bank

This paper presents a linear programming (LP) model based on Markowitz portfolio theory for solving the balance sheet management problem for the domestic assets and liabilities of a Canadian chartered bank. Given the bank's initial position, its economic forecasts, and the constraints under which it operates, the model will determine the current and expected future balance sheet adjustments which will meet the bank's expected profits goal with the minimum possible risk. By parametrically varying the expected profits goal, the model will generate the set of risk-return efficient decisions. Bankers need examine only the set of efficient decisions to choose their optimal solution.     

A note on capital budgeting in the purchase of information

A capital budgeting problem of purchasing perfect information is defined. The relationship between this problem and the Expected Value measure is shown and an illustrative example provided.     

The Effect of E-Business on Corporate Performance: Firm Level Evidence for Belgium

E-business offers buyers and sellers a new form of communication and provides an opportunity to create new marketplaces. In general it is suggested that the development of e-business results in higher firm productivity and efficiency as a result of lower search and transaction costs. However, there are a number of recent studies, which demonstrate that firms engaging in e-commerce need not perform better compared to more traditional enterprises. To date, there is little empirical evidence on the impact of information technology on corporate performance. This paper is the first that uses a large representative data set of Belgian firms to study empirically the impact of e-business on productivity and cost efficiency of firms. Our main conclusions can be summarised as follows: (1) The penetration of the Internet in Belgian firms is high; however, the use of e-business is still limited. (2) It is especially the large firms that engage in e-business and mostly in e-procurement. (3) E-business has no effect on total factor productivity in small firms; however, we find positive effects on performance of e-business in large firms.     

The 1979 US gasoline shortage and its impact on the tourism industry

Owners or managers of 373 businesses on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, were interviewed in summer 1981 to determine whether they were affected by the 1979 gasoline shortage. The results indicate that half the respondents were affected, the majority of whom were adversely affected. More tourism businesses reported being affected than non-tourism businesses. The effects manifested themselves in staff layoffs and unfilled vacancies. Nevertheless, tourism businesses on the Cape did not alter any of their marketing strategies, excluding the lowering of prices.     

Introducing ‘Journeys Home’

Homelessness, despite being a major social policy issue in Australia, is an area that is not well served by data. Most sorely lacking is any large‐scale panel study that follows a broad sample of persons with recent experience of homelessness and unstable housing histories. In 2010, the Australian Government set about rectifying this deficiency when it commissioned the Melbourne Institute to undertake a new panel study, now known as ‘Journeys Home’. This study draws its sample from the population of Centrelink income‐support recipients, targeting persons identified in the administrative data as having recent experience of homelessness, as well as others with similar characteristics who may be vulnerable to housing difficulties in the future. This article summarises the design of this new study and reports on fieldwork outcomes from the first two waves of data collection.     

The political economy of Zimbabwean Urban informality since 2000 – A contemporary governance dilemma

ABSTRACT

The article explores the urban informality dilemma in Harare through the lens of a political economy theory. It examines the typologies of urban informality, the influence of political economy on urban informalities, and informs decision-making to address the urban informality dilemma. A qualitative approach was used where secondary data were collected through document analysis and primary data from interviews with 20 purposively selected key informants. Surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted with 585 individuals engaged in informal activities. It emerged that urban informality in Harare takes on different forms and aside from the economic crisis, politics played a role in the emergence and proliferation of urban informality. The article provides insight into, and raises awareness with regard to key areas of concern on how power influences decision-making relating to urban informality. Therefore, the article provides a basis for policy formulation and institutional reforms for effective measures to curb urban informality.