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391.
Prof. Dale O. Stahl II 《Journal of Economics》1983,43(3):273-287
Conclusions Lancaster's theory of consumer choice of quality attributes provides a foundation for benefit-cost analysis in a situation with quality changes. The traditional indices (Marshallian consumer surplus, the Hicksian variations, and the expenditure function index) were extended to incorporate quality attributes explicitly. In particular, the value of quality changes is captured in a simple additive term.The value of quality changes may be estimated from actual consumption data or from experimental data. In either case, the estimates will be unbiased even when the true quality variables are unknown, as long as the hypothesized quality variables contain the true qualities in some linearly independent combination. In practice, data requirements will be drastically reduced when only a few goods and a few qualities are affected, or when the quality matrix is decomposable.This research was supported in part by the Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley. 相似文献
392.
Dale O. Stahl II 《Mathematical Finance》1995,5(1):33-54
This paper augments the theoretical foundations of organized commodity futures markets and uncovers singular facts about arbitrage and the role of information. Using the term "credit agency" to embrace organized futures markets such as the Chicago Board of Trade as well as independent brokerage houses, we extend the extant theory of temporary equilibrium for an economy with a single credit agency to economies with many credit agencies. In the process, we find that arbitrage with no risk of bankruptcy and with perfect interagency trade information can be incompatible with equilibrium (exact or approximate). On the other hand, the usual regularity assumptions are sufficient for the existence of at least an approximate equilibrium, provided that interagency trade information is imperfect (or risky). However, such imperfect information limits arbitrage so different agencies can have different prices. 相似文献
393.
394.
Internet Car Retailing 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Fiona Scott Morton Florian Zettelmeyer & Jorge Silva-Risso 《The Journal of industrial economics》2001,49(4):501-519
We investigate the effect of Internet car referral services on dealer pricing of automobiles in California. Customers of an online service pay on average 2% less for their car ($450 for the average car). 25% of the savings come from purchasing at low-price dealerships affiliated with the online service. The remaining 75% stem from information provision by the online service, bargaining by the service on behalf of consumers, and cost efficiencies. A consumer receiving the mean online price does better than 65% of offline consumers, conditional on the car being purchased. 相似文献
395.
We compare patenting motives of individual inventors, small firms, and universities to those of large firms. We use data from a survey (641 responses) among applicants at the European Patent Office. Our results from regression and factor analyses confirm significant differences among applicant types. The generation of licensing opportunities is rated as being more important if the applicant is a university, individual inventor or small firm. Blocking and prevention of imitation is rated as being less important if the applicant is a university. We interpret that this finding results from the universities' willingness to license under adequate conditions and their tendency not to use their patents for preventing the diffusion of their technology and its usage by others. Individual inventors and small firms place a higher importance on using patents as signals to investors, suggesting that patents are perceived as useful to secure access to the capital necessary to start or grow a business. Among all applicant groups, individual inventors attribute the most importance to blocking as a patent filing motive. This gives cause for concern because individuals who do not manufacture products on their own but, rather, use their patents to block others from production act as patent trolls. 相似文献
396.
We examine equilibria in competitive insurance markets with adverse selection when wealth differences arise endogenously from
unobservable savings or labor supply decisions. The endogeneity of wealth implies that high-risk individuals may ceteris paribus
exhibit the lower marginal willingness to pay for insurance than low risks, a phenomenon that we refer to as irregular-crossing
preferences. In our model, both risk and patience (or productivity) are privately observable. In contrast to the models in
the existing literature, where wealth heterogeneity is exogenously assumed, equilibria in our model no longer exhibit a monotone
relation between risk and coverage. Individuals who purchase larger coverage are no longer higher risks, a phenomenon frequently
observed in empirical studies. 相似文献
397.
Legal Form, Growth and Exit of West German Firms—Empirical Results for Manufacturing, Construction, Trade and Service Industries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dietmar Harhoff Konrad Stahl & Michaerl Woywode 《The Journal of industrial economics》1998,46(4):453-488
Using a sample of approximately 11000 West German firms from all major sectors of the economy, we test predictions on the relationship between legal form, firm survival and employment growth. In our tests, we distinguish between voluntary liquidation without losses to creditors and bankruptcy, that is forced liquidation. We demonstrate that in all sectors firms under limited liability have higher growth and higher insolvency rates than comparable firms under full liability. Firms whose owners are approaching retirement age are characterised by relatively high hazards of voluntary liquidation, while the propensity to declare insolvency is not affected by the owner's age. 相似文献
398.
399.
Local export spillovers in France 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
This paper investigates the presence of local export spillovers on both the extensive (the decision to start exporting) and the intensive (the export volume) margins of trade, using data on French individual export flows, at the product-level and by destination country, between 1998 and 2003. We investigate whether the individual decision to start exporting and exported volume are influenced by the presence of nearby product and/or destination specific exporters, using a gravity-type equation estimated at the firm-level. Spillovers are considered at a fine geographical level corresponding to employment areas (348 in France). We control for the new economic geography-type selection of firms into agglomerated areas, and for the local price effects of firms agglomeration. Results show evidence of the presence of export spillovers on the export decision but not on the exported volume. We interpret this as a first evidence of export spillovers acting through the fixed rather than the variable cost. Spillovers on the decision to start exporting are stronger when specific, by product and destination, and are not significant when considered on all products-all destinations. Moreover, export spillovers exhibit a spatial decay within France: the effect of other exporting firms on the export decision is stronger within employment areas and declines with distance. 相似文献
400.
Florian K. Diekert Dag Ø. Hjermann Eric Nævdal Nils Christian Stenseth 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2010,47(4):455-475
The North-East Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) fishery, as most other commercial fisheries, is wasting the larger part of its potential. Examining a detailed multi-cohort,
multi-gear bioeconomic model, we show that the cause is rather a too small mesh size than excessive effort. Although internationally
and nationally managed by quota allocations and regulations, the current exploitation pattern implies that essentially the
wrong fish are targeted. Catching older and heavier fish could double the fishery’s Net-Present-Value. This increases harvested
biomass while it reduces the number of fish removed from the ocean, highlighting the importance of age- and gear-specific
modeling. Moreover, optimal harvesting policies would also lead to a much more robust and abundant cod stock. 相似文献