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排序方式: 共有181条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
81.
This paper studies convergence in per-capita GDP across European regions over the period 1980–2000. We use median unbiased estimators of the rate of convergence to the steady-state growth path, while allowing for unrestricted patterns of heterogeneity and spatial correlation across regions. By permitting the model parameters to be completely different across regions, not only we avoid imposing strong a priori assumptions but we are also able to analyze the spatial patterns in the estimated coefficients. Our results differ from those found using conventional estimators. The main differences are: i) the mean rate of convergence is much lower; ii) for most regions this rate is zero; iii) the number of regions for which we reject equality in trend growth rates is substantially lower. We also find significant evidence of correlation of growth rates across neighbor regions and across regions belonging to the same country. 相似文献
82.
83.
Fiscal discipline and flexibility in EMU: the implementation of the Stability and Growth Pact 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fiscal discipline to safeguard the credibility of the singlemonetary authority and fiscal flexibility to respond to country-specificshocks are two core principles governing budgetary policy inEMU. The Stability and Growth Pact aims at ensuring the firstobjective. To comply with the requirements of the pact, EU membersneed to achieve a 'close to balance or surplus' position andchange their budgetary behaviour in periods of cyclical upturnsby refraining from spending the 'growth dividend'. Past experienceshows that fiscal laxity does not buy more effective stabilization.Once EMU countries have achieved their medium-term target, theirautomatic stabilizers will be able to operate fully, thus helpingin smoothing out cyclical fluctuations. The main potential problemsin the implementation of the pact may arise in the early yearsof EMU, during the transition to a balanced budget, in the eventof a slow-down in economic activity. 相似文献
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86.
Stefano Breschi Lorenzo Cassi Franco Malerba 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2013,25(7):833-857
We use social network analysis to evaluate ‘behavioural’ additionality aspects of public programmes supporting research and development (R&D). The paper appraises empirically the partnership and knowledge networks created around the R&D activities of the Information Society Priority of the Sixth Research Framework Programme of the European Community. These emergent, scale-free networks are found to play an important role in generating and, especially, in diffusing knowledge by attracting key industry actors and by strengthening overall network connectivity through public support. Public policy should try to facilitate the development of more European organisations that can be characterised as global network hubs, on the one hand, and to draw larger numbers of the most dynamic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) into these programmes, on the other, to avoid technological lock-ins and mitigate the resistance or network reorientation toward more productive research areas. 相似文献
87.
This paper estimates food Engel curves using data from the first wave of the Survey on Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Our statistical model simultaneously takes into account selectivity due to unit and item nonresponse, endogeneity problems, and issues related to flexible specification of the relationship of interest. We estimate both parametric and semiparametric specifications of the model. The parametric specification assumes that the unobservables in the model follow a multivariate Gaussian distribution, while the semiparametric specification avoids distributional assumptions about the unobservables. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
88.
The need of people skilled on quality topics is strongly increased in Italy, in the last 10 years, and new professional figures
that are specialized in quality have been recently recognized by the Italian official classification of occupations. However,
there seems to be a lack of empirical studies that analyse education about quality supplied by Italian universities and business
schools. This paper shows the results of an exploratory survey on the education in quality offered by Italian universities.
The research was conducted on a reasoned sample of Italian universities, selected on the basis of the number of students enrolled
and the number of supplied degree courses, in the academic year 2005/2006. Thanks to the findings of the survey it is possible
to know what (what subjects related to quality concepts and tools are taught), where (within which degree programs they are taught), and when (at which degree level they are taught) Italian higher education is devoted to quality. 相似文献
89.
Thiago R. Santos Glaura C. Franco Dani Gamerman 《Revue internationale de statistique》2010,78(2):218-239
Intervention analysis has been recently the subject of several studies, mainly because real time series present a wide variety of phenomena that are caused by external and/or unexpected events. In this work, transfer functions are used to model different forms of intervention to the mean level of a time series. This is performed in the framework of state-space models. Two canonical forms of intervention are considered: pulse and step functions. Static and dynamic explanation of the intervention effects, normal and non-normal time series, detection of intervention, and study of the effect of outliers are also discussed. The performance of the two approaches is compared in terms of point and interval estimation through Monte Carlo simulation. The methodology was applied to real time series and showed satisfactory results for the intervention models used. 相似文献
90.