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91.
We find dividends do matter to shareholders, but more in declining markets than advancing ones. Dividend-paying stocks outperform non-dividend-paying stocks by 1 to 2% more per month in declining markets than in advancing markets. These results are economically and statistically significant and robust to many risk adjustments and across industries. In addition, we find an asymmetric response to dividend changes based on market conditions: dividend increases matter more in declining markets than advancing ones. Tests indicate that results are not due to more profitable firms and appear not to be caused either by free cash flow or signaling explanations. We also find that it is the existence of dividends, and not the dividend yield, that drives returns' asymmetric behavior relative to market movements. 相似文献
92.
This paper investigates whether there is evidence of the accrual anomaly ( Sloan, 1996 ) in Australia, whereby investors overestimate the impact of accruals on the persistence of earnings. While our results provide general support for the existence of the anomaly in Australia, there are a number of idiosyncrasies. First, there is evidence of Australian investors underestimating the persistence of earnings. Second, there is evidence of investors incorrectly assessing the implications of accruals and cash flows for the persistence of earnings (i.e. an accrual anomaly and a cash‐flow anomaly). Third, returns to a hedged portfolio trading strategy based on reported accruals are decreasing over the three‐year period subsequent to portfolio formation. Furthermore, they are statistically significant only in the first year. Additional analysis of the hedge portfolio results indicates that these results are primarily attributable to a limited number of firm‐year observations in the extreme positive tail of returns. 相似文献
93.
Judy Lewent Joe Fuller David Scharfstein Rick Passov Cathrin Petty Charles Simmons Jeff Greene Pete Crnkovich Carolyn Buck Luce 《实用企业财务杂志》2009,21(2):8-35
In light of the challenges facing the pharmaceutical industry, a distinguished group of pharma executives and strategic and financial advisers discusses the following corporate decisions:
94.
This paper addresses the relationship between foresight and entrepreneurship. It characterises the foresight inherent in entrepreneurial activity as situated within particular discourses, or communities of practice (CoPs) in a range of structures. The argument is based on the use of complexity theory (CT) to provide insight into the dynamics of entrepreneurial activity. Complexity theories of entrepreneurship are grounded in empirical studies of entrepreneurial action. A multilevel model (MM) characterising emergent structures within the entrepreneurial domain is presented as an extension of existing CT, with entrepreneurship characterised as the practice of foresight relating to that structure. The model is grounded in two case studies of entrepreneurial ventures in high velocity business environments, airline services, and sound system accessories. An empirical model—EROS—Experiments, Reflexivity, Organising Domains, and Sensitivity—is developed to reflect entrepreneurial processes at the level of the individual, the firm, and inter-firm connections—and the interactions between them. The notion of the CoP is used to deepen the analyses, examining how the layers of the MM are constituted through the foresight inherent in entrepreneurial activity over time. As well as presenting a coherent theoretical understanding of the entrepreneurial landscape, there are practical implications for policy-makers and educators wishing to improve entrepreneurial foresight. 相似文献
95.
The way that the academic practice in higher education universities responds to the influence of computer networks and technology will be central to the definition of their future role. The traditional metaphor of university as self-contained village is challenged as knowledge becomes widely available on the Internet and teacher-student and student-student dialogues are not bound by spatial boundaries. The paper presents four metaphoric spaces that virtual dialogues can take place in. Each of these appears to fail the criteria of creating space where knowledge that a particular individual has can be shared, recreated, and amplified through interactions with others in academic contexts. We consider the effect of three driving forces that could create alternative teacher and student roles and dialogues between them. A technology-driven shaping of virtual learning may result in auto-responsive ‘robosapiens’, a relativist societal-driven shaping of virtual learning may result in socially isolated ‘nerds’. An environment in which technology is shaped by ethical evaluation with respect to higher level (e.g. meta-conceptual) learning is desired to raise the standards of intellectual and technological talents. Such an environment is considerably different from the norms of present-day universities and the every-day roles of teachers and students. 相似文献
96.
While the issue of youth unemployment has received a great deal of attention by policy makers, there has been little empirical research on factors which affect the demand for young workers at the micro level of actual labour market settings. This paper offers some evidence on entry level wages, unskilled job characteristics, and recruitment practices as factors affecting the employment of urban youth. A bivariate discriminant analysis is applied to survey data on employers located in five, centralized urban labour markets and shown that firm size, turnover, number of unskilled job slots, school referrals and employee–friend referrals are significant, differentiating factors between firms who have young workers on their payroll and firms who do not employ youth. These differentiating factors are related to the structure of youth labour markets. 相似文献
97.
A fractional imputation method is applied to Iowa administrative data to deal with a problem of missing data. The effects of local labour market conditions and mobility of household heads on Family Investment Program (FIP) participation are evaluated. Results show that mobility increases the opportunity for employment and decreases the FIP participation rate for low-income families. An increase in predicted unemployment rates decreases labour force participation and increases programme participation; an increase in unpredicted unemployment rates increases labour force participation and decreases programme participation. Overall, the effects are relatively larger in rural areas than in nonrural areas in Iowa. 相似文献
98.
Mike Fuller 《Economics Letters》1979,3(2):187-192
The conventional method of estimating the Gini coefficient (e.g., for an income distribution) from grouped data on a continuous variable is known to be an underestimate. This note provides a distribution free upper bound, using information about class boundaries. 相似文献
99.
Estimation of the parameters of an autoregressive process with a mean that is a function of time is considered. Approximate expressions for the bias of the least squares estimator of the autoregressive parameters that is due to estimating the unknown mean function are derived. For the case of a mean function that is a polynomial in time, a reparameterization that isolates the bias is given. Using the approximate expressions, a method of modifying the least squares estimator is proposed. A Monte Carlo study of the second-order autoregressive process is presented. The Monte Carlo results agree well with the approximate theory and, generally speaking, the modified least squares estimators performed better than the least squares estimator. For the second-order process we also considered the empirical properties of the estimated generalized least squares estimator of the mean function and the error made in predicting the process one, two and three periods in the future. 相似文献
100.
Ted Fuller Lorraine Warren Paul Argyle 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(1):1-17
This article examines the management practices in an entrepreneurial small firm which sustain the business. Using a longitudinal
qualitative case study, four general processes are identified (experimentation, reflexivity, organising and sensing), that
together provide a mechanism to sustain the enterprise. The analysis draws on concepts from entrepreneurship and complexity
science. We suggest that an entrepreneur’s awareness of the role of these parallel processes will facilitate their approaches
to sustaining and developing enterprises. We also suggest that these processes operate in parallel at multiple levels, including
the self, the business and inter-firm networks. This finding contributes to a general theory of entrepreneurship. A number
of areas for further research are discussed arising from this result. 相似文献