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101.
102.
Spatial Welfare Economics Versus Ecological Footprint: A Sensitivity Analysis Introducing Strong Sustainability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this paper is a sensitivity analysis with the core-periphery model of ‘new economic geography’ put forward in Grazi
et al. (Environ Resour Econ 38:135–153, 2007). This model comprises interregional trade, agglomeration advantages and resource (land) use or environmental externalities.
Grazi et al. (2007, GBR) compare a social welfare (SW) indicator with the ecological footprint (EF) indicator for measuring spatial sustainability
of a set of land use configurations. Their main result is that the SW and the EF indicator can yield completely different
rankings and only for extreme parameterizations of environmental externalities the rankings coincide. We adapt the model by
interpreting total natural land as a resource constraint and differentiate between weak and strong sustainability. In a sensitivity
analysis we show that the main results of GBR (2007) correspond to the case of weak sustainability in our adapted model version. In the case of strong sustainability our adapted
model version shows the same welfare rankings for both indicators without the extreme parameterization that is necessary to
obtain the same results in the original GBR (2007) model. 相似文献
103.
We study identification in Bayesian proxy VARs for instruments that consist of sparse qualitative observations indicating the signs of shocks in specific periods. We propose the Fisher discriminant regression and a non-parametric sign concordance criterion as two alternative methods for achieving correct inference in this case. The former represents a minor deviation from a standard proxy VAR, whereas the non-parametric approach builds on set identification. Our application to US macroprudential policies finds persistent declines in credit volumes and house prices together with moderate declines in GDP and inflation and a widening of corporate bond spreads after a tightening of capital requirements or mortgage underwriting standards. 相似文献
104.
Gerhard Messmann 《International Journal of Training and Development》2023,27(1):99-116
This contribution aimed at investigating how work-related reflection as cognitive efforts towards developing an understanding of work tasks, the surrounding work context, and one's professional competencies adds to the role of psychological empowerment and participative safety in predicting innovative behaviour and job crafting as two forms of proactivity. Quantitative data from 295 employees of micro, small, and medium-sized organizations in the information sector were collected with a cross-sectional questionnaire. For hypotheses testing, structural equation modelling was employed. The results of the study showed that work-related reflection and psychological empowerment were substantially related to innovative behaviour and job crafting while participative safety only played a minor role. These findings imply that jobs need to contain empowering and sufficiently complex work tasks that require reflection and provide occasions for reflective interactions to enable employees to create efficient routines and adapt to changes at work. Furthermore, experiences of empowerment need to be rooted in social interactions at work. Likewise, the value of reflection will only unfold if employees and supervisors regularly engage in reflection. 相似文献
105.
Gerhard Tutz 《Revue internationale de statistique》2021,89(1):18-35
Appropriate modelling of Likert‐type items should account for the scale level and the specific role of the neutral middle category, which is present in most Likert‐type items that are in common use. Powerful hierarchical models that account for both aspects are proposed. To avoid biased estimates, the models separate the neutral category when modelling the effects of explanatory variables on the outcome. The main model that is propagated uses binary response models as building blocks in a hierarchical way. It has the advantage that it can be easily extended to include response style effects and non‐linear smooth effects of explanatory variables. By simple transformation of the data, available software for binary response variables can be used to fit the model. The proposed hierarchical model can be used to investigate the effects of covariates on single Likert‐type items and also for the analysis of a combination of items. For both cases, estimation tools are provided. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated by applying the methodology to a large data set. 相似文献
106.
107.
This paper considers a dynamic model of Tiebout-like migration between communities that utilize distinct allocation procedures for public goods. At issue is whether voluntary or compulsory procedures are more likely to prevail over time. We model infinitely lived individuals who make repeated, sequential location decisions over one of two communities. Each community uses a distinct mechanism for allocating public goods. The first is one in which contributions are given voluntarily by the citizenry of the community. The second is a compulsory scheme by which individuals are taxed proportionately to wealth with the tax determined by a majority vote. Opportunities to accumulate wealth exist via accumulation of public capital.
The Markov Perfect equilibria of the dynamic game are studied. Our main result shows that when accumulated wealth converges to a steady state, individuals' locational choices eventually "select" the involuntary provision mechanism. This holds despite the fact that unanimous location in the voluntary provision community may in many cases remain as a Nash equilibrium of the static game each period. We also describe conditions under which voluntary provision survives. These conditions require that accumulation of capital fails to decrease wealth dispersion over time. The results are shown to be consistent with findings relating inequality to school choice. 相似文献
The Markov Perfect equilibria of the dynamic game are studied. Our main result shows that when accumulated wealth converges to a steady state, individuals' locational choices eventually "select" the involuntary provision mechanism. This holds despite the fact that unanimous location in the voluntary provision community may in many cases remain as a Nash equilibrium of the static game each period. We also describe conditions under which voluntary provision survives. These conditions require that accumulation of capital fails to decrease wealth dispersion over time. The results are shown to be consistent with findings relating inequality to school choice. 相似文献
108.
Gerhard Sorger 《Economic Theory》2008,36(3):353-377
We study a mechanism that prevents the long-run distribution of wealth from becoming degenerate in the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans
model when households have different time-preference rates. This mechanism is based on the observation that price-taking behavior
is no longer justified when all wealth is owned by a single household. Formalizing this observation, we obtain a model with
a unique stationary equilibrium in which, depending on the parameter constellation, any number of households can own positive
stocks of capital. We characterize this equilibrium and show for example that an increase in the dispersion of the time-preference
rates across households unambiguously increases aggregate output. Whereas the main results are derived for a rather general
class of production functions, we devote a separate section to the special case of the Cobb–Douglas technology for which the
equilibrium conditions are particularly simple.
The research reported in this paper forms part of the project “Economic Growth with Strategic Saving Decisions” supported
by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under project number P17886. Comments from Robert Becker, Edward Green, Takashi Kamihigashi,
David Levine, Fabrizio Zilibotti, anonymous referees, and participants at various conferences and seminars are gratefully
acknowledged. 相似文献
109.
Gerhard Reichert 《Marketing Review St. Gallen》2007,24(2):18-22
In der integralen Produktgestaltung werden innovative und kundennutzen-orientierte Produkte in einer ganzheitlichen Designqualit?t
entwickelt. Dazu arbeiten Designer, Ingenieure, Marketing- und Produktionsfachleute sowie Wissenschaftler gemeinsam methodisch
über den gesamten Entwicklungsprozess in interdisziplin?ren Teams. 相似文献
110.