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101.
Spatial Welfare Economics Versus Ecological Footprint: A Sensitivity Analysis Introducing Strong Sustainability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this paper is a sensitivity analysis with the core-periphery model of ‘new economic geography’ put forward in Grazi
et al. (Environ Resour Econ 38:135–153, 2007). This model comprises interregional trade, agglomeration advantages and resource (land) use or environmental externalities.
Grazi et al. (2007, GBR) compare a social welfare (SW) indicator with the ecological footprint (EF) indicator for measuring spatial sustainability
of a set of land use configurations. Their main result is that the SW and the EF indicator can yield completely different
rankings and only for extreme parameterizations of environmental externalities the rankings coincide. We adapt the model by
interpreting total natural land as a resource constraint and differentiate between weak and strong sustainability. In a sensitivity
analysis we show that the main results of GBR (2007) correspond to the case of weak sustainability in our adapted model version. In the case of strong sustainability our adapted
model version shows the same welfare rankings for both indicators without the extreme parameterization that is necessary to
obtain the same results in the original GBR (2007) model. 相似文献
102.
103.
This paper considers a dynamic model of Tiebout-like migration between communities that utilize distinct allocation procedures for public goods. At issue is whether voluntary or compulsory procedures are more likely to prevail over time. We model infinitely lived individuals who make repeated, sequential location decisions over one of two communities. Each community uses a distinct mechanism for allocating public goods. The first is one in which contributions are given voluntarily by the citizenry of the community. The second is a compulsory scheme by which individuals are taxed proportionately to wealth with the tax determined by a majority vote. Opportunities to accumulate wealth exist via accumulation of public capital.
The Markov Perfect equilibria of the dynamic game are studied. Our main result shows that when accumulated wealth converges to a steady state, individuals' locational choices eventually "select" the involuntary provision mechanism. This holds despite the fact that unanimous location in the voluntary provision community may in many cases remain as a Nash equilibrium of the static game each period. We also describe conditions under which voluntary provision survives. These conditions require that accumulation of capital fails to decrease wealth dispersion over time. The results are shown to be consistent with findings relating inequality to school choice. 相似文献
The Markov Perfect equilibria of the dynamic game are studied. Our main result shows that when accumulated wealth converges to a steady state, individuals' locational choices eventually "select" the involuntary provision mechanism. This holds despite the fact that unanimous location in the voluntary provision community may in many cases remain as a Nash equilibrium of the static game each period. We also describe conditions under which voluntary provision survives. These conditions require that accumulation of capital fails to decrease wealth dispersion over time. The results are shown to be consistent with findings relating inequality to school choice. 相似文献
104.
Gerhard Sorger 《Economic Theory》2008,36(3):353-377
We study a mechanism that prevents the long-run distribution of wealth from becoming degenerate in the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans
model when households have different time-preference rates. This mechanism is based on the observation that price-taking behavior
is no longer justified when all wealth is owned by a single household. Formalizing this observation, we obtain a model with
a unique stationary equilibrium in which, depending on the parameter constellation, any number of households can own positive
stocks of capital. We characterize this equilibrium and show for example that an increase in the dispersion of the time-preference
rates across households unambiguously increases aggregate output. Whereas the main results are derived for a rather general
class of production functions, we devote a separate section to the special case of the Cobb–Douglas technology for which the
equilibrium conditions are particularly simple.
The research reported in this paper forms part of the project “Economic Growth with Strategic Saving Decisions” supported
by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under project number P17886. Comments from Robert Becker, Edward Green, Takashi Kamihigashi,
David Levine, Fabrizio Zilibotti, anonymous referees, and participants at various conferences and seminars are gratefully
acknowledged. 相似文献
105.
Gerhard Reichert 《Marketing Review St. Gallen》2007,24(2):18-22
In der integralen Produktgestaltung werden innovative und kundennutzen-orientierte Produkte in einer ganzheitlichen Designqualit?t
entwickelt. Dazu arbeiten Designer, Ingenieure, Marketing- und Produktionsfachleute sowie Wissenschaftler gemeinsam methodisch
über den gesamten Entwicklungsprozess in interdisziplin?ren Teams. 相似文献
106.
107.
Based on micro-level data of German companies from 1873 to 1927, we identified horizontal and vertical FDI applying a Knowledge-Capital
model and analyzed individual FDI decisions. Our KC model revealed that market-driven FDI predominated; however, wage gaps
and differences in human capital stimulated cost-driven FDI flows, which accounted for up to 10% of total FDI. On an individual
level, large companies with high profitability conducted more FDI. Higher tariffs after WWI enhanced FDI, as companies could
circumvent trade barriers—but declining openness reduced FDI. In spite of disintegration after WWI, the propensity to invest
increased due to higher market concentration and firm specific investment patterns—albeit industry agglomeration effects were
of minor importance. 相似文献
108.
Gerhard Sorger 《Journal of Economic Theory》2002,105(1):226-243
We study issues related to the long-run distribution of wealth in two variants of Ramsey's model of optimal capital accumulation. First we show that, in the case where a government levies a progressive income tax, there exist infinitely many stationary equilibria in which all households own positive capital stocks. Moreover, it is demonstrated that non-stationary equilibria can exhibit complicated dynamics. Then we discuss the case where households exercise market power on the capital market and we show that this may also lead to equilibria in which all households own positive amounts of capital. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E62, O41. 相似文献
109.
110.
Dr. Gerhard Illing 《Journal of Economics》1990,52(1):55-70
The paper analyses the impact of pecuniary externalities in a two-sector economy with an incomplete market structure. Agents in each sector choose their proportion of risky investment. Sector specific risks are assumed to be perfectly negatively correlated. It is shown that the economy is more volatile if risk markets do not exist. With a complete set of risk markets, shocks in one sector will be dampened on the aggregate level. In contrast, when risk markets are absent, pecuniary externalities arising from higher risky investment in one sector can create feedback effects in the other sector. When agents are sufficiently risk averse (their coefficient of relative risk aversion being greater than one), an individually optimal response to the increased riskiness of the price distribution will result in an even riskier price distribution: an increase in risky activity in one sector will lead to an increase in risky activity in the other sector, and this gives multiplier effects.Part of this work has been done while I was visiting assistant professor at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.I am grateful to Hans-Werner Sinn for helpful comments. The suggestions of the two referees have contributed to improve the paper considerably. 相似文献