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211.
The evolution of the world trade web: a weighted-network analysis 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
This paper employs a weighted network approach to study the empirical properties of the web of trade relationships among world
countries, and its evolution over time. We show that most countries are characterized by weak trade links; yet, there exists
a group of countries featuring a large number of strong relationships, thus hinting to a core-periphery structure. Also, better-connected
countries tend to trade with poorly-connected ones, but are also involved in highly-interconnected trade clusters. Furthermore,
rich countries display more intense trade links and are more clustered. Finally, all network properties are remarkably stable
across the years and do not depend on the weighting procedure. 相似文献
212.
This paper provides an explanation for the existence of child labour which relies on the imperfect enforcement of compulsory schooling laws. In the presence of complementarities in the production of human capital that justify legislative intervention, mandatory measures ensure that coordination failures are solved so that all parents send their children to school and the socially optimal equilibrium is reached. However, if enforcement of legislation is too low, multiple equilibria emerge. In this case, compulsory schooling laws may have adverse welfare effects on all households. 相似文献
213.
214.
During the last decades there has been a widespread relaxation of legal entry barriers into the banking industry, with potential benefits for financial integration and competition. Obstacles to banks geographical and business expansion have been removed and branching has been substantially liberalized. This paper analyses the determinants of entry decisions into local credit markets using a unique data set before and after deregulation of the Italian banking industry. We estimate an entry model à la Poisson and find evidence that spreads between loan and deposit rates drive entry only for newly chartered banks, but does not affect the decision to open branches of banks operating in other markets. Branching by outside banks is instead positively correlated with business opportunities in the provision of financial services which do not require the acquisition of substantial proprietary information. Both these results are consistent with the hypothesis that in credit markets incumbents have an informational advantage over new entrants. 相似文献
215.
Giorgio Nebbia 《Futures》2001,33(1)
A brief review of the studies that have brought about awareness of the limits of natural resources is followed by an examination of the prospects of population increases and demand for food, water and energy in the North and South of the world. For physical and thermodynamic reasons the production and consumption of increasing quantities of material goods is accompanied by the depletion and deteriorating quality of the resources left for future generations. Only a decrease in the consumption of goods and energy in the North of the world will enable the South to have sufficient natural resources to free itself from poverty and set out on the path leading to human development. 相似文献
216.
Giorgio Brunello 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》1995,57(3):309-321
ABSTRACTS This paper looks at the relationship between supervision and pay using British data, that refer to a different institutional context. The analysis is based on information provided by the British New Earnings Survery over the period 1975–1982. The empirical investigation reveals that the relationship between supervision and pay is likely to be affected in a significant way not only by the estimation technique, as stressed by the existing literature, but also by errors in the measurement of the main variables. 相似文献
217.
218.
This paper uses seemingly unrelated probit techniques to separate the transmission of a crisis due to broadly defined macroeconomic interdependence from contagion due to herding, avoiding some of the caveats of the more traditional cross-correlation approach. We find that pure contagion occurred in a limited number of country pairs generally belonging to the same region. A reduction in speculative pressure can also be identified between countries in different regional blocks. This seems to suggest that after an initial crisis episode, investors tend to discriminate on the basis of location and common macroeconomic weakness or perceived similarity. 相似文献
219.
An empirical analysis of the microeconomic links between tradeand knowledge diffusion is useful for singling out some of thekey predictions of the theory of endogenous growth in open economies.This literature postulates that total factor productivity ishigher when trade gives countries access to a wider or moresophisticated range of technologies. The articles reviewed herefind considerable evidence that imported technologies raisetotal factor productivity in importing countries, particularlydeveloping countries and particularly when technologies areacquired by way of imports of intermediate goods. They alsoprovide some support for the argument that exports and foreigndirect investment are channels for learning. Although accessto foreign technologies has a positive impact on developingcountries' total factor productivity, overall these countriesare shown to purchase older and simpler machines than industrialcountries. Relative factor and machinery costs and skill andtechnology endowments affect the choice of imported technologies.However, government attempts to limit or guide the selectionof technologies are likely to have a negative effect on growthbecause they discourage producers from purchasing the most appropriateand efficient machines. Rather, policies aimed at promotingtechnological development should strengthen the absorptive capacityof importing countries and address the complementarity betweenhuman and physical capital in a broader context. 相似文献
220.
Camilloni L Farchi S Rossi PG Chini F Di Giorgio M Molino N Iannone A Borgia P Guasticchi G 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2011,18(4):269-276
The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined influence of several lifestyle, health and housing factors in the occurrence of home injuries (HIs) among the elderly. The subjects were recruited from 10 hospitals in Rome, Italy. This study is a paired case-control study. Cases included subjects, aged 65-85 years, who visited the Emergency Department for an HI and were subsequently hospitalised (15 September 2004-30 June 2005). Controls were the subjects of the same gender, age (±3 years) and area of residence of cases. A conditional logistic regression model was used for analysing the variables obtained. In this study, we enrolled 107 hospitalised cases. It was found that the living room was the place where 33% of the accidents occurred. Eighty-seven per cent of the accidents were falls, and 33% of the accidents were the immediate consequence of sudden malaise. One-half of the cases reported one or more leg fractures. The variables that were independently associated with HI were poor household illumination, poor emotional status, regular physical activities and housekeeping activities. We conclude that this study shows the areas of intervention to target HI prevention activities. 相似文献