This study aims to unravel the dynamic effect of geographic distance on startup–VC partnership performance by incorporating the possibility of accessibility improvement triggered by China's high-speed railway (HSR) during the partnership. We find that the negative effect of geographic distance is significantly weakened when HSR becomes available after the startup–VC partnership formation. We draw on the relational view to explore what types of geographically distant startup–VC partners can benefit more from HSR technology advancement. Results indicate that startup–VC partners that rely heavily on knowledge-sharing, have more complementary resources, or have more complex governance structures can better leverage the improved accessibility from HSR to transform the disadvantages of the long-distance to advantages. 相似文献
Previous studies on the impact of immigration on productivity in developed countries remain inconclusive, and most analyses are abstracted from firms where production actually takes place. This study examines the empirical relationship between immigration and firm-level productivity in Canada. It uses the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database that tracks firms over time and matches firms with their employees. The study finds that there is a positive association between changes in the share of immigrants in a firm and changes in firm productivity. This positive effect of immigration on firm productivity is small, but it is stronger over a longer period. The effect tends to be larger for low-skilled immigrants as compared with highly-skilled workers, as firm productivity growth is more strongly associated with changes in the share of recent immigrants (relative to established immigrants), and immigrants who intended to work in non-high skilled occupations (relative to immigrants who intended to work in high-skilled occupations). Those differences are more pronounced in technology-intensive and knowledge-based industries. Immigration is found to have little estimated effects on capital intensity in a firm. Finally, this study finds that high skill and lower skill immigrants have similar effects on average worker earnings arising from the positive productivity effect of immigration, but only skilled immigrants are associated with higher firm profits.
