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151.
This paper seeks to determine whether Danish managers exercise discretionary accruals to reach earnings forecast targets they voluntarily specify in conjunction with initial public offerings (IPOs). Because the Danish accounting and legal environment is more permissive than the US, we use Denmark as a natural laboratory for learning how business would occur without strict rules, enforcement and sanctions. Danish managers often volunteer pro forma financial statements for results that are expected to occur subsequent to the IPO. We examine a sample of 58 Danish firms that issue voluntary management earnings forecasts in connection with IPOs that occur between 1984 and 1996. The evidence we uncover strongly suggests that pre-managed earnings are adjusted toward these targets. In contrast with Kasznik's (1999) results related to voluntarily forecasting American firms, managers of Danish firms exercise discretionary accruals to mitigate earnings forecast errors regardless of whether pre-managed earnings are less, or greater, than the IPO forecast amount. 相似文献
152.
Gunnar Prause Marcelo Mendez Mendez Sergio Garcia-Agreda 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2013,9(4):531-540
This paper studies the impact of attitudinal loyalty and trust in entrepreneurship, following a client-focused strategy. In this context, trust and commitment are the cornerstone of relationship marketing, and contributes positively to achieving attitudinal loyalty, which is suitable for the maintenance of relationships over time. This variable also acts as a facilitator or mediator on the influence satisfaction has on loyalty. We show that satisfaction has a positive impact on trust and attitudinal loyalty. Following structural equation modelling methodology we test all the relationships in a sample composed by travel agency customers. 相似文献
153.
Thomas Jønsson Hans Jeppe Jeppesen 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(1):78-93
This study contributes to the debate about whether teamwork facilitates or constrains the single team member's autonomy at work. We investigate whether team autonomy can explain employees' individual autonomy, the teams' informal influence on its members and employees' desire for either individual or team influence. Questionnaire data were collected among employees in four Danish companies from different industries with various types of team organization: permanent, project-based and mixed teams. The results of the multiple regression analyses show that team autonomy is positively associated with individual autonomy, which is neither moderated by the team's ability to make the employee feel responsible nor by team support. Team autonomy is positively associated with facilitative social influence, i.e. team reward, team support and we find a negative association between team autonomy and team coercion. Moreover, employees who experienced more team than individual autonomy wanted their teams to control more work issues compared to employees who experienced lower team than individual autonomy. 相似文献
154.
In this paper, we attempt to provide an overview of the full extent of early warning detection approaches, which are directly or indirectly addressed in the literature. These approaches can aid project managers in taking corrective actions timely enough for preventing failures. The study is based on a review of the current literature within the field of early warning in project management and our own experiences gained from practice. An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and their applications in different contexts are also performed. We conclude that the choice of the most effective approach is arguably dependent on the type of project, organizational culture, and the project environment. 相似文献
155.
We set up a merger game between retailing stores to study the incentives of independent stores to form a big store when some consumers have preferences for one‐stop shopping. Such one‐stop shopping creates complementarity between products, leading in turn to lower prices after a big store is formed but may also lead to an improvement in the bargaining position vis‐à‐vis producers through the creation of an inside option that small stores do not have. We find that big stores will not be formed when the stores' ex ante bargaining power vis‐à‐vis producers is high. Otherwise, an asymmetric situation occurs with only one big store created when one‐stop shoppers are abundant. 相似文献
156.
Erling Røed Larsen 《Empirical Economics》2009,36(1):109-132
This article demonstrates how to estimate latent total consumption expenditure or material standard of living in households
by inverting estimated Engel curves. While the conventional estimator, total purchase expenditure, is unbiased for latent
total household consumption expenditure, it is not variance minimizing since it is an un-weighted sum. In two stages, this
article derives a variance-minimizing, unbiased estimator by first estimating and inverting Engel curves; then combining the
estimators from the inverted Engel curves. The employed latent variable method allows for utilization of non-expenditure relations.
The suggested method may help improve the accuracy in studies of consumption inequality and tax evasion.
相似文献
157.
The comfortable perception that global environmental challenges can be met through marginal lifestyle changes no longer bears
scrutiny. The cumulative impact of large numbers of individuals making marginal improvements in their environmental impact
will be a marginal collective improvement in environmental impact. Yet, we live at a time when we need urgent and ambitious
changes. An appeal to environmental imperatives is more likely to lead to spillover into other pro-environmental behaviours
than an appeal to financial self-interest or social status.
相似文献
Tom CromptonEmail: |
158.
The motivation for the present study is to understand food choice in relation to animal food production and to study how preferences
are influenced by information. To do this, we carried out a choice experiment. In the analysis, we focus on chickens reared
indoors and outdoors and chicken labelled campylobacter-free versus non-labelled chicken. The results suggest that there is
a positive willingness to pay (WTP) both for chicken reared outdoors and for campylobacter-free labelled chicken. Information
about rearing methods resulted in a higher WTP for chicken reared outdoors, while information about campylobacter had both
positive and negative effects on respondents’ WTP. The highest increase in WTP for campylobacter-free labelled chicken was
found for one of the high risk groups, individuals with poor kitchen hygiene. 相似文献
159.
Tiffany Barnett White Debra L. Zahay Helge Thorbjørnsen Sharon Shavitt 《Marketing Letters》2008,19(1):39-50
Research on the effects of personalized messages on consumers’ behavioral responses has yielded mixed findings. We explore
how e-mail personalization influences click-through intentions. Our results suggest that consumers experience personalization
reactance in response to highly personalized messages when the fit between the offer in the message and consumers’ personal
characteristics is not explicitly justified by firms. Consequently, consumers are less willing to respond favorably to the
offer. Results of two studies suggest that this effect primarily emerges for consumers who perceive the utility of the service
to be relatively low. For those consumers with higher perceived utility, justification of personalization is less important
because highly personalized messages are less likely to elicit reactance. 相似文献
160.
Hilde Christiane Bjørnland 《Empirical Economics》2000,25(3):369-392
This paper analyses the stylized facts of business cycles in Norway, by comparing different detrending methods. As the choice
of the appropriate data transformation depends on the nature of the underlying dynamic properties of the time series, a set
of unit root tests are first applied to the data. The detrended data are analysed, both in the time domain and the frequency
domain. The evidence suggests that whereas some variables (e.g. consumption and investment) behave consistently procyclically
with GDP, for other variables (e.g. real wage and prices), the business cycle properties vary considerably with the detrending
methods used. The results are evaluated from a real business cycle perspective, but overall, there is little evidence to support
a (supply driven) real business cycle. Symmetries in business cycles are finally analysed by comparing the business cycles
in Norway and selected countries.
First version received: April 1997 / Final version received: November 1999 相似文献