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The Chinese outbound travel market has been one of the fastest-growing international markets over the past decade. However, estimating the size and identifying key tourist-generating areas for the Chinese travel market remain a significant challenge for international marketers. This empirical study employs an incidental target-market approach and presents updated research findings concerning this burgeoning market. Primary and secondary tourist-generating cities of Mainland China were identified based on population size and level of socioeconomic development, and their market potential for outbound travel was assessed through a large-scale telephone survey. This study estimated that the current Chinese outbound travel market comprises approximately 22 million city residents, among whom 11.5 million have traveled or plan to travel to destinations outside Asia. In addition to estimating market size and making recommendations on target cities, the study also introduces an effective research design for identifying target markets and customers. 相似文献
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In this essay, we explore the origins of the ability to produce surplus value through human labor. The main hypothesis is that the safety factor for energy capacity in humans determines the surplus value of human labor in human societies. We estimate the safety factor for Homo sapiens to be around 2.78. This is based on the rise of the encephalization quotient from 2.5 in Australopithecus africanus to 5.8 in H. sapiens, and we assume this rise is matched by a rise in the safety factor from 1.2 to 2.78. Being a communal species compels human individuals to produce both their personal and their community’s energy need. The possible correlation between Dunbar’s number and the safety factor of energy production capacity provides a very essential feature of human labor, namely “surplus value”. The average labor activity of a modern human is sufficient to provide energy for two to three people’s energy burden in a community. Human labor not only produces the energy for survival of an individual but also produces a surplus due to the safety factor. Therefore, work activity of an individual enables them to supply more than they need for themselves as a value. 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of manager mobbing behaviour on female employees’ quality of working life and overall quality of life. A mobbing behaviour may be a long-term hostile behaviour detected in employees at workplaces. A total of 373 female employees who work in five-star hotels in Turkey participated in this study. First, correlation analysis was performed between manager mobbing behaviour and female employees’ quality of working life, and overall quality of life. The results of the study revealed that there was a negative correlation between manager mobbing behaviour and female employees ‘quality of life. Second, the structural equation model was applied to analyse the relationship among these three constructs. The results of this analysis showed that managers’ mobbing behaviour has a significant negative effect on female employees ‘quality of working life and overall quality of life. In addition, employees’ quality of working life influences their overall quality of life. 相似文献
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Rich Harrill Muzaffer Uysal Peter W. Cardon Fanny Vong Leonardo Dioko 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2011,13(1):41-53
Despite global recession, Macao continues to develop as an international gaming destination. However, as the intensity of development increases, the government is losing support for the gaming industry among some residents. This loss of support may be examined within the context of growth machine theory. This paper surveys residents regarding their attitudes towards gaming and development. The findings suggest residents can be divided into two groups — gaming supporters and gaming opponents. From these findings, recommendations are made for future planning, development and marketing in Macao. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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