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601.
602.
This paper examines the effectiveness of public enforcement by studying the effects of regulatory intervention to curb tunneling through intercorporate loans in China. Specifically, we explore whether public enforcement efforts in 2006 (blacklisting and sanctions) resulted in less tunneling, and ultimately in increased performance for tunneling firms. We show that tunneling is among the dominant factors increasing the likelihood of becoming blacklisted. We also find that firms’ tunneling mechanisms decreased significantly after the regulatory shock, and that their performance increased significantly compared to non-tunneling firms after the regulatory shock. Finally, we find a positive market reaction to the public announcement of tunneling both for firms that have been blacklisted and other tunneling firms that are not blacklisted. Collectively, these results suggest that public enforcement in the presence of a credible threat succeeds in deterring the effect on tunneling behavior in China. 相似文献
603.
Zhun Cao Kathleen F. Villa Craig B. Lipkin Scott B. Robinson Bijan Nejadnik Christopher C. Dvorak 《Journal of medical economics》2017,20(8):871-883
Aims: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a life-threatening complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Healthcare utilization, costs, and mortality were assessed in HSCT patients diagnosed with SOS, with and without multi-organ dysfunction (MOD).Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study identified real-world patients undergoing HSCT between January 1, 2009 and May 31, 2014 using the Premier Healthcare Database. In absence of a formal ICD-9-CM diagnostic code, SOS patients were identified using a pre-specified definition adapted from Baltimore and Seattle criteria and clinical practice. Severe SOS (SOS/MOD) and non-severe SOS (SOS/no-MOD) were classified according to clinical evidence for MOD in the database.Results: Of the 5,418 patients with a discharge diagnosis of HSCT, 291 had SOS, with 134 categorized as SOS/MOD and 157 as SOS/no-MOD. The remaining 5,127 patients had HSCT without SOS. Overall SOS incidence was 5.4%, with 46% having evidence of MOD. Distribution of age, gender, and race were similar between the SOS cohorts and non-SOS patients. After controlling for hospital profile and admission characteristics, demographics, and clinical characteristics, the adjusted mean LOS was 31.0 days in SOS/MOD compared to 23.9 days in the non-SOS cohort (medians?=?26.9 days vs 20.8 days, p?.001). The adjusted mean cost of SOS/MOD patients was $140,653, which was $41,702 higher than the non-SOS cohort (medians?=?$105,749 vs $74,395, p?.001). An almost 6-fold increased odds of inpatient mortality was associated with SOS/MOD compared to the non-SOS cohort (odds ratio?=?5.88; 95% CI?=?3.45–10.33).Limitations: Limitations of retrospective observational studies apply, since the study was not randomized. Definition for SOS was based on ICD-9 diagnosis codes from a hospital administrative database and reliant on completeness and accuracy of coding.Conclusions: Analysis of real-world data shows that SOS/MOD is associated with significant increases in healthcare utilization, costs, and inpatient mortality. 相似文献
604.
Craig D. Broadbent David S. Brookshire Don Coursey Vince Tidwell 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2017,68(3):569-594
Providing for increased water demands during periods of persistent drought and climatic variability may require water managers, users and planners to think differently about how water resources are allocated. A water marketing institution that allows water rights holders to reallocate water on a temporary basis could overcome these challenges with minimal conflict. In this paper, a water marketing institution that allows for the temporary reallocation of water rights in a spot and futures market is investigated. The results provide insight into three key questions: (1) how does trading impact the physical system, (2) does the value of water differ by trading agents, (3) how is economic welfare redistributed as a result of trading? Results of experimental treatments display minor impacts to the physical system, that prices differ across the different type of trading agents and the addition of a futures market has the ability to decrease market prices while increasing economic welfare as a futures market allows users to hedge against future water uncertainty. 相似文献
605.
We analyze willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental programs whose time periods of benefit and repayment differ, using a net present value framework that identifies parameters of both WTP and personal discount rates. Respondents to a contingent valuation survey focusing on protection of critical habitat buffer zones for the endangered Steller Sea Lion in Alaska were asked their willingness to pay for 1-, 5-, and 15-year repayment periods. We jointly estimate the personal discount rates and WTP via maximum likelihood, and compare with a model assuming a fixed, market discount rate. 相似文献
606.
J. Craig Wallace Laura M. Little Aaron D. Hill Jason W. Ridge 《Journal of Small Business Management》2010,48(4):580-604
This research proposes and tests that regulatory foci of small business chief executive officers (promotion focus and prevention focus) relate to firm performance differentially when levels of environmental uncertainty vary. Results suggest that a promotion focus is positively related to firm performance, whereas a prevention focus is negatively related to firm performance. Further, these relationships are moderated by the degree of environmental dynamism such that in more dynamic environments, the relationship between promotion focus and firm performance is strengthened, whereas the relationship between prevention focus and firm performance is negatively affected. The reverse was found for less dynamic environments. Theoretical and practical implications as well as future research avenues are offered. 相似文献
607.
Justin B. Craig Clay Dibrell Peter S. Davis 《Journal of Small Business Management》2008,46(3):351-371
Drawing on the family‐embeddedness perspective on entrepreneurship and the resource‐based‐view of the firm, we investigate how the promotion of family‐based brand identity influences competitive orientation (customer versus product) and firm performance in family businesses. Applying structural equation modeling to survey data collected from leaders of 218 family businesses, we demonstrate that developing a family‐based brand identity positively contributes to firm performance (growth and profitability) indirectly, via a customer‐centric orientation. In contrast, attempts to leverage family‐based brand identity via a product‐centric orientation do not impact firm performance. Our results suggest that family‐based brand identity enhances the family business' ability to persuade customers to make purchasing decisions based on the perceived attributes of the seller. As a result, we contribute to the discussions centered on how to optimize the intricate synergy between family and business. 相似文献
608.
609.
Optimal monetary and fiscal policies within the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) are determined by simulating a global model under alternative assumptions about the objective function of the European Central Bank (ECB) and about cooperation vs. non-cooperation between monetary and fiscal policy-makers and among the latter. The results show the high effectiveness of fixed rules in the presence of supply-side shocks and the usefulness of cooperative discretionary measures against demand-side shocks. More generally, cooperation among fiscal policy-makers in the EMU is nearly always superior to non-cooperative equilibrium solutions, yielding a strong case for the coordination of fiscal policies. 相似文献
610.
Michael H. Morris Nola N. Miyasaki Craig E. Watters Susan M. Coombes 《Journal of Small Business Management》2006,44(2):221-244
In recent years the number of women-owned firms with employees has expanded at three times the rate of all employer firms. Yet women remain underrepresented in their proportion of high-growth firms. A number of plausible explanations exist. To develop richer insights, a two-stage research project was undertaken. A mail survey was sent to a sample of female entrepreneurs to assess motives, obstacles, goals and aspirations, needs, and business identity. Based on the survey results, follow-up, in-depth interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs, selecting equally from modest-growth and high-growth ventures. In terms of quantitative findings, growth orientation was associated with whether a woman was "pushed" or "pulled" into entrepreneurship, was motivated by wealth or achievement factors, had a strong women's identity in the venture, had equity partners, and believed women faced unique selling obstacles. The qualitative research made clear that modest- and high-growth entrepreneurs differ in how they view themselves, their families, their ventures, and the larger environment. The results of both stages suggest that growth is a deliberate choice and that women have a clear sense of the costs and benefits of growth and make careful trade-off decisions. 相似文献