Next Generation External Venturing Practices in Family Owned Businesses

Drawing on an Entrepreneurship as Practice (EaP) approach, this article examines how next generation members in family owned businesses (FOBs) engage in external venturing. Our study builds on longitudinal qualitative research in two Mexican FOBs where the next generation launched ten ventures. It reveals five different practices of external venturing used by next generation family members: ‘obtaining family approval’, ‘bypassing family’, ‘family venture mimicking’, ‘jockeying in family’, and ‘jockeying around family’. The five practices are combined into three routes for external venturing: ‘imitating the family business’, ‘splitting the family business’, and ‘surpassing the family business’. Building on notions from Michel de Certeau’s practice theory, this study contributes to theorizing the five practices as ways of operating and the routes as modes of sensing to better understand how next generation family members deal with settings featured by dominant orders within the family and the FOB in their attempts to originate and launch their new ventures.     

Estimating persistence for irregularly spaced historical data

Quality & Quantity - This paper introduces to the literature on Economic History a measure of persistence which is particularly useful when the data are irregularly spaced. An illustration to...     

Positioning Strategies for Animal-Friendly Products: A Social Dilemma Approach

Many consumers express concerns about the welfare of animals in agriculture, but often refrain from purchasing animal-friendly alternatives that address their concerns. To support consumers in making choices in line with their values and attitudes, this study approaches consumer animal-friendly product choice as a dilemma between maximizing the buyer's self-interest and maximizing societal interest. To address this social dilemma, we developed and tested positioning strategies that reinforce the animal welfare label with complementary consumption values (functional, emotional, social, and epistemic). The results from a choice experiment with Dutch chicken meat shoppers showed that two strategies—emotional and epistemic—effectively increase consumer value perceptions. These insights imply that animal-friendly products positioned to invoke emotion or curiosity drive consumers towards animal-friendly product choices, and that these strategies are most effective for consumers who base their choice solely on maximizing either self-interest or societal interest.     

Die Stabilisierungsfunktion der Budgetpolitik: Gestern-Heute-Morgen

Summary This paper contains an extended version of a lecture given at a meeting of the Austrian Economic Association in fall 1984. It analyses the Austrian experience with anticyclical fiscal policy since World War II. Especially in the last decade, in Austria fiscal policy was used more consistently to dampen short-term fluctuations than in most other OECD countries. However, the rising government debt creates incertainties and reduces the scope for government actions. Therefore, a medium-term strategy to consolidate the budget is called for.

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Erweiterte schriftliche Fassung eines Vortrags anläßlich der Jahrestagung der Nationalökonomischen Gesellschaft am 4. Oktober 1984. Der Vortragstext wurde überarbeitet und durch einen Anhang ergänzt, im übrigen aber die Redeform beibehalten.     

Separation of ownership and labour: Welfare considerations

Conclusion Separation of ownership and labour is a very appealing way to avoid the free-rider problem in productive teams. But if productive activity of the owner is possible, then in many cases the equilibrium outcome of an enlarged partnership with equal shares Pareto-domi-nates that of a capitalistic firm where the owner is inactive.University of Mannheim. An earlier draft of this paper appeared as Discussion Paper No. 100 of the Sonderforschungsbereich 21 at the University of Bonn, September 1982. The paper was partly revised and completed while I was visiting scholar at Harvard University. I wish to thank Tsuneo Ishikawa, Andreu Mas-Colell, and an anonymous referee for valuable comments. Financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft is gratefully acknowledged.     

Measuring the Impact of Direct and Indirect R&D on the Productivity Growth of Industries: Using the Yale Technology Concordance

This paper investigates the impact of direct and indirect R&D on the productivity growth of 30 French industries during the period 1978–92. The main aim of this paper is to assess the appropriateness of the Yale Technology Concordance (YTC) as a proxy for indirect R&D flows. We compare the effect on productivity growth of the Yale proxy with the traditional proxy based on goods input–output flows, and assess their suitability for different groups of industries. Results indicate that the indirect YTC proxy performs slightly better than the traditional proxy, as a result of superior performance in the high-tech and service sectors in particular.