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81.
The Cultural Economy of Cities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Allen J. Scott 《International journal of urban and regional research》1997,21(2):323-339
An increasingly important fraction of contemporary economic activity is devoted to the production of cultural outputs, i.e. goods and services with high levels of aesthetic or semiotic content. This kind of economic activity is especially, and increasingly, associated with a number of large cities scattered over the globe. A conceptual account of this phenomenon is provided on the basis of an exploration of the character of place-specific forms of culture generation and the agglomerative tendencies of many kinds of cultural products industries. The empirical cases of Los Angeles and Paris are briefly discussed. The dynamics of production, distribution and location of major cultural products industries are also examined. The paper ends with a brief allusion to the modalities of spatial differentiation of culture in contemporary capitalism and to a prospective cultural politics. 相似文献
82.
Summary A sequential testing procedure called 2-SPRT for the meanμ of the negative binomial distribution with known exponentk is presented. For any fixedμ
0(μ
1<μ
0<μ
2), the 2-SPRT provides an asymptotic solution to the modified Kiefer-Weiss problem. Determination ofμ
0 such that the test provides an approximate solution to the Kiefer-Weiss problem is described. The behavior of the 2-SPRT
and the Sequential Probability Ratio Test is investigated using Monte Carlo methods. The error probabilities and the average
sample numbers are compared.
All the computations were carried out on the Alabama Supercomputer. 相似文献
83.
Robert J. Hershock Charles D. Cowman Douglas Peters 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》1994,11(2):95-104
A growing awareness of workplace hazards and identification of airborne contaminants, coupled with a changing safety and health regulatory environment, created an unexpected demand for new and innovative respirators in the early 1980s. 3M's Occupational Health and Environmental Safety Division broke new ground by taking the team concept further than ever before in the company. The division's Action Teams successfully designed, built and introduced products in less than half the time it would have taken previously. Robert Hershock, Charles Cowman and Douglas Peters describe how 3M learned important lessons about team selection, training, performance and motivation, the importance of project sponsors, and the role of middle management. 相似文献
84.
Carla J. Robinson 《The Review of Black Political Economy》1991,19(3-4):85-109
Atlanta has the reputation of being a city of opportunity for blacks. However, in Atlanta, as well as in other cities across
the nation, the nexus of racism and economic discrimination has resulted in disparities between the housing status of blacks
and whites. This article examines racial disparities in the Atlanta housing market. It begins by tracing recent trends in
the Atlanta-area economy and by providing background information on the local housing market. It then discusses the roles
of the federal Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975 and Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 in the efforts of local groups
to reduce racial disparities in the housing market. The final section discusses recent local developments that might lead
to improvements in the housing status of black Atlantans. 相似文献
85.
Gregory J. Werden Andrew S. Joskow Richard L. Johnson 《Managerial and Decision Economics》1991,12(5):341-352
The literature on industrial organization contains very little direct evidence on the effects of actual mergers. This study estimates the effects of two recent airline mergers approved by the Department of Transportation over the objection of the Department of Justice. The merger of TWA and Ozark appears to have caused a slight increase in fares and a far greater reduction in service on city pairs out of St Louis. The merger of Northwest and Republic appears to have caused a significant increase in fares and a significant reduction in overall service on city pairs out of Minneapolis-St Paul. 相似文献
86.
87.
Whilst the local multiplier impacts of the annual operation of universities has been the subject of intensive research, the economic impacts of capital construction projects have been almost completely ignored. This paper presents the results of detailed analysis of capital projects at Lancaster University in 1993-The reasons for the radically different annual operation and construction multipliers estimated in the Lancaster study are examined. Despite the smaller size of construction multipliers it is argued that it is a serious mistake to estimate local construction multipliers by making simplifying assumptions on the size of the key parameters in the multiplier equations. 相似文献
88.
Manfred J. Holler 《Quality and Quantity》1993,27(1):103-115
In this paper we will discuss some peculiarities of the Nash equilibrium which are at odds with its standard applications: (a) the underlying dynamic interpretation, (b) the incentive independency if equilibria are mixed, and (c) the unprofitability if equilibrium and maximin are mixed and the game is 2-by-2. Maximin is proposed as an alternative solution concept in “relevant situations”. 相似文献
89.
Paul S. J. Wymenga 《Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies》1991,27(1):127-153
Around the mid-1980s, Indonesia's protectionist regime supported an industrial structure in which industries were mainly oriented towards producing for the domestic market. Since then, trade policies have shifted to a more outward-looking strategy, stimulating the growth and diversification of non-oil manufactured exports. This paper attempts to quantify the nominal and effective rates of protection resulting from trade policies at the end of the 1980s. After an introduction in which the 1989 trade policies are discussed, estimates of nominal and effective rates of protection are presented. It is shown that though the level of protection has declined since 1987, it still varies widely across economic sectors. Furthermore, despite the more open trade strategy, the paper's findings show that the trade regime remains biased against exports. Finally, by examining some trade policy issues, the paper presents further ways of rationalising the structure of protection in Indonesia's industrial sector. 相似文献
90.
J. A. L. Cranfield 《Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie》2003,51(3):299-321
Optimal investment rules are developed for a producer agency investing in domestic-market generic advertising, export market promotion, and cost-of-production-reducing research. These rules are derived assuming either maximization of producers' surplus or social surplus. The form of the optimality rules differs according to which objective is pursued. Fixed producer agency budgets are also allowed by incorporating a constraint limiting total expenditure on the three activities. Addition of such a constraint substantially alters the structure of the optimal investment rules. Differences in these rules highlight the importance of accounting for the financing mechanism when modeling optimal checkoff fund investment decisions. Optimality rules are simulated using data for the Canadian beef sector. Results suggest historic underinvestment in domestic-market generic advertising but overinvestment in export market promotion. Sensitivity of simulation results underscores the difficulty in assessing optimality of historic producer investment in cost-of-production-reducing research. 相似文献