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951.
This paper presents a modeling methodology capable of accounting for spatial correlation across choice alternatives in discrete choice modeling applications. Many location choice (e.g., residential location, workplace location, destination location) modeling contexts involve choice sets where alternatives are spatially correlated with one another due to unobserved factors. In the presence of such spatial correlation, traditional discrete choice modeling methods that are often based on the assumption of independence among choice alternatives are not appropriate. In this paper, a Generalized Spatially Correlated Logit (GSCL) model that allows one to represent the degree of spatial correlation as a function of a multi-dimensional vector of attributes characterizing each pair of location choice alternatives is formulated and presented. The formulation of the GSCL model allows one to accommodate alternative correlation mechanisms rather than pre-imposing restrictive correlation assumptions on the location choice alternatives. The model is applied to the analysis of residential location choice behavior using a sample of households drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey (BATS) data set. Model estimation results obtained from the GSCL are compared against those obtained using the standard multinomial logit (MNL) model and the spatially correlated logit (SCL) model where only correlations across neighboring (or adjacent) alternatives are accommodated. Model findings suggest that there is significant spatial correlation across alternatives that do not share a common boundary, and that the GSCL offers the ability to more accurately capture spatial location choice behavior. 相似文献
952.
Market-focused sustainability: market orientation plus! 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The concept of sustainability is increasingly being addressed theoretically by scholars and practically by managers and policymakers.
With this growing focus on sustainability efforts, marketing is in a unique position to elevate its focus from managing relationships
with customers to strategically managing a broader set of marketplace issues. Overall, an organization achieves market-based
sustainability to the extent that it strategically aligns itself with the market-oriented product needs and wants of customers
and the interests of multiple stakeholders concerned about social responsibility issues involving economic, environmental,
and social dimensions. To set the stage for marketing’s inquiry into sustainability efforts, I briefly review the concept
of sustainability, compare it with corporate social responsibility, bring in stakeholders, argue for the notion of “market
orientation plus,” and consider the possibility that the notion of what sustainability encompasses is converging in the marketing
literature. 相似文献
953.
Edwin M. TRUMAN 《Asian Economic Policy Review》2011,6(2):249-268
Sovereign wealth funds have become a prominent feature of the international financial landscape. However, legitimate concerns have been raised about these funds. Many of those concerns can be addressed via increased accountability and transparency by the funds. The Santiago Principles are a good start in doing so. My sovereign wealth funds scoreboard points to areas where these Principles can be improved. At the same time, the OECD effort to address concerns from the host‐country side has not resulted in the erection of new barriers to that form of cross‐border investment, but the OECD failed to reverse the creeping financial protectionism of the past decade. Because of their size and the source of their funding, some Asian funds stand out. As a result, those funds will be held to a higher standard of accountability and transparency. 相似文献
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955.
Justin W. Webb R. Duane Ireland Michael A. Hitt Geoffrey M. Kistruck Laszlo Tihanyi 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2011,39(4):537-554
Marketing and entrepreneurship have long been recognized as two key responsibilities of the firm. Despite their tight integration in practice, marketing and entrepreneurship as domains of scholarly inquiry have largely progressed within their respective disciplinary boundaries with minimal cross-disciplinary fertilization. Furthermore, although firms increasingly undertake their marketing and entrepreneurial activities across diverse settings, academe has provided little insight into how changes in the institutional environment may substantially alter the processes and outcomes of these undertakings. Herein, we integrate research on marketing activities, the entrepreneurship process, and institutional theory in an effort to address this gap. We first discuss market orientation as enhancing a firm??s opportunity recognition and innovation, whereas marketing mix decisions enhance opportunity exploitation. We then examine how entrepreneurship leads to innovation directed toward market orientation and marketing mix activities. Based on this foundation, we examine differences in marketing and entrepreneurship activities across institutional contexts. 相似文献
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957.
This paper examines the effects of the Economic and Monetary Union on demand for foreign reserves. The traditional theory
on demand for international reserves assigns a pivotal role to imports. However, in a currency union part of imports are settled
in the common currency, leaving no incentive for keeping foreign reserves. Moreover, the pooling of the demand for reserves
in the currency union and an increasing role of a currency as an international reserve currency may also influence, among
other things, the union demand for reserves. Based on estimated demand functions for reserves it is shown that the Economic
and Monetary Union has reduced the demand for reserves substantially. It is argued that an enlargement with new member countries
of the European Union will result in further savings of reserves. A simple calculation at the end of the paper illustrates
the welfare gain associated with the reduced need of reserves in the Economic and Monetary Union. 相似文献
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