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21.
The current study compares better-fitting and worse-fitting new brand names and brand extensions on brand attitudes and choice shares across situations that differ in terms of the amount of product information available and consumer knowledge of the target product category (which had limited effects), 35[emsp4 ]mm cameras (choice-set competitors Nikon and Minolta). While brand extensions and better-fitting brands generally enjoyed more positive brand attitudes and larger choice shares, effects were moderated by product information. When information was limited to brand name and price, the better-fitting brand extension (Sony) commanded more share than did the better-fitting new brand (Optix) which in turn commanded more share than did either the worse-fitting extension (Nike) or the worse-fitting new brand (Topix). But when information on product features was added, target brands were chosen similarly across brand names where the better-fitting new brand Optix garnered slightly (non-significantly; 5%) more share than the better-fitting extension Sony. This weak preference was reversed, however, in the attitude data where Sony was rated significantly higher in liking than Optix. Two focal conclusions emerge. First, new brands can perform as well as or better than brand extensions when consumers process product information. In this study, brand-extension advantages were confined to situations of limited information processing and better fit. Second, since branding effects differed across attitudes and choice, researchers hoping to duplicate in the laboratory the types of branding effects likely to occur in the marketplace may want to expand their traditional focus on attitudes to include choice. 相似文献
22.
This paper is concerned with possible technical processes for collecting and refining knowledge and expertise within the Research and Development and Production and Support functions in the aircraft industry. It is also concerned with processes for facilitating the use of stored knowledge and expertise in providing for example continuity of good practice. Features of humans as processors of information, which will influence the collection and use of relevant knowledge and experience, are considered. The feasibility of 'solving' information processing problems with currently available techniques and hardware and software products is assessed. Indications are given of the kinds of developments that seem to be needed in the context of aircraft design and other activities considered in this paper. Human privacy considerations are identified as a possible problem and are discussed briefly. 相似文献
23.
This paper uses public choice theories to explain why agricultural subsidies were centralised and why this hinders reform. It shows that the Commission is not responsible for the expansion of the CAP by arguing that budget‐maximising behaviour is irrational in the circumstances and that bureau shaping explains its stance on reform. The input process and the success of agricultural groups vis‐à‐vis consumer and taxpayer groups is explained using both the pluralist and Olsonian account of interest group politics. The conclusion analyses the latest difficulties in achieving reform at Berlin and the prospects for reform. 相似文献
24.
Heath Windcliff Ph.D. Martin Le Roux Peter Forsyth Kenneth Vetzal 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(2):107-124
Abstract Segregated funds have become an extremely popular Canadian investment vehicle. These instruments provide long-term maturity guarantees and often include complex option features. One controversial aspect is the reset feature, which provides the ability to lock in market gains. Recently, regulators have announced that firms offering these products will be subject to new capital requirements. This paper discusses the effects of volatility, interest rates, investor optimality, and product design on the cost of providing a segregated fund guarantee. For each scenario, the authors provide the appropriate management expense ratio (MER) that should be charged and demonstrate the current liability using a given fixed MER. The paper also investigates intuitive reasons that cause the reset feature to require such a dramatic increase in the hedging costs. Finally, an approximate method for handling the reset feature is presented that can be computed very efficiently, provided the correct proportional fee is charged. 相似文献
25.
Eric Frey Ben Pauli Julie A. Heath 《Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal》2018,40(3):131-150
Recreation on public lands is growing and is increasingly recognized as an ecosystem service providing improved health, connection to nature, and social time while also disturbing and degrading ecosystems. Human impacts must be managed, but often managers have little information about the factors that affect recreation patterns. We combined data from global positioning system receivers to record off-road vehicle (ORV) travel with a pretrip survey to determine how group characteristics, site experience, site knowledge, and motivation are associated with ORV trip patterns on public lands in southwest Idaho. Spatial and temporal extent and distribution could summarize most variation in ORV trips. Both trip distribution and extent were associated with group characteristics and site knowledge. Spatial and temporal extent was additionally associated with motivations and distribution was associated with riding experience. These findings can help land managers to identify use patterns, direct informational programs, and effect indirect management strategies. 相似文献
26.
27.
The reconciliation of humanism and positivism in the practice of consumer research: A view from the trenches 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Timothy B. Heath 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1992,20(2):107-118
Consumer researchers commonly assert that humanism differs from positivism (what is referred to here as naturalism) on a number
of dimensions. However, it is shown here that once terminological differences and methodological similarities are recognized,
the remaining differences between humanism and naturalism within consumer research are few. While arguments persist at the
philosophical extremes, it appears that practicing researchers have achieved considerable reconciliation. 相似文献
28.
Joseph Heath 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,99(1):5-17
If social scientists take natural science as a model, they may err in their predictions and may offer facile ethical views.
MacIntyre assails them for this, but he is unduly pessimistic about business, and in rejecting the separation thesis he raises
some difficulties about naturalism. Aristotle’s views of the good life and of the close relationship between internal and
external goods provide a corrective to MacIntyre, and in fact suggest how virtues can support social capital and thus prevail
within and among firms in competitive markets. Aristotle’s views are not necessarily inimical to those underlying modern democratic
capitalism, but they raise questions about the limits to the good life. The separation thesis misses the importance of addressing
the questions with both empirical and ethical resources. 相似文献
29.
An experiment was conducted in which a survey questionnaire and a $1.00 incentive were sent to 200 randomly selected residents of a midwestern city. For half of the respondents, the enclosed monetary incentive was justified in a cover letter as an attempt to induce feelings of obligation to return the questionnaire (equity-salient condition), whereas for the other half of the respondents, the incentive was justified as an appreciative gesture (standard condition). Furthermore, some subjects received a short questionnaire, whereas the rest received a long questionnaire. Response rates were assessed by condition. As predicted, the equity-salient appeal produced a significantly higher response rate than the standard appeal, but only for subjects who received the short questionnaire. Results are discussed in terms of personal equity theory. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
30.
世界上最有价值的知识是关于方法的知识,教给了方法就是交给了"点石成金"的指头,交给了捕猎物的猎枪,学生就可以用它去捕获猎物,索取知识的金山. 相似文献