The Effects of Victim Anonymity on Unethical Behavior

We theorize that victim anonymity is an important factor in ethical decision making, such that actors engage in more self-interested and unethical behaviors toward anonymous victims than they do toward identifiable victims. Three experiments provided empirical support for this argument. In Study 1, participants withheld more life-saving products from anonymous than from identifiable victims. In Study 2, participants allocated a sum of payment more unfairly when interacting with an anonymous than with an identifiable partner. Finally, in Study 3, participants cheated more from an anonymous than from an identifiable person. Anticipated guilt fully mediated these effects in all three studies. Taken together, our research suggests that anonymous victims may be more likely to incur unethical treatment, which could explain many unethical business behaviors.     

A Brief Survey of Modern Optimization for Statisticians

Modern computational statistics is turning more and more to high‐dimensional optimization to handle the deluge of big data. Once a model is formulated, its parameters can be estimated by optimization. Because model parsimony is important, models routinely include non‐differentiable penalty terms such as the lasso. This sober reality complicates minimization and maximization. Our broad survey stresses a few important principles in algorithm design. Rather than view these principles in isolation, it is more productive to mix and match them. A few well‐chosen examples illustrate this point. Algorithm derivation is also emphasized, and theory is downplayed, particularly the abstractions of the convex calculus. Thus, our survey should be useful and accessible to a broad audience.     

产品市场定位与消费者忠诚之间的关系——基于浙江产品市场势力调查问卷

以2011年浙江省商务厅向各地市县发放的浙江产品市场势力调查问卷为数据来源,以其中的119家浙江省内商业企业作为研究样本,对浙江产品的市场定位与消费者忠诚之间的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明:产品市场定位与消费者的行为忠诚相关,提高产品的市场定位有利于消费者产生购买企业产品的偏好,进而促使消费者实现实际的、持续的购买行为;产品市场定位的提升尤其对产品客单价、产品销量和销售额的提升有显著的促进作用。因此,浙江企业应积极投入人力、物力,提高其产品的市场定位,以提升消费者忠诚,进而实现企业在市场中的议价能力及市场竞争力的提高。     

论金融危机下中国企业家的作为与责任

面对国际金融危机,作为领军人物的企业家应增强必胜的信心,不断提升素质与能力,切实履行社会责任,保持健康向上的心态,勇于承担责任,完成历史赋予中国企业家的使命。     

供应链的交易成本分析及供产双方的博弈

本文通过传统供应链中供应商和制造商的讨价还价模型分析,论证了交易双方的交易成本不同,造成供应商和制造商之间的相互依赖关系不同,从而双方的机会主义行为倾向也不同.制造商可以通过与高质量的供应商建立长期的诚信的战略合作伙伴关系,以减少为讨价还价消耗的交易成本,同时也减少了双方机会主义行为所造成的损害.     

Optimal insurance with background risk: An analysis of general dependence structures

Finance and Stochastics - In this paper, we consider an optimal insurance problem from the perspective of a risk-averse individual who faces an insurable risk as well as some background risk and...     

徐家围子断陷区营城组火山岩识别

勘探实践表明徐家围子断陷营城组火山机构是深层天然气藏良好的储集体。本文以徐家围子断陷中部营城组火山岩为研究对象,该区火山岩厚度大,爆发相、喷溢相和火山沉积相等各种相带均较发育,通过对火山岩地震反射特征的系统分析,总结了各种相带的具体震相特征。并以此为依据,应用趋势面属性、相干体分析技术等多种手段,对火山机构的空间分布进行了识别与预测,在营城组共识别出44个火山锥,对本区火山岩气藏的勘探开发具有一定的指导作用。     

Job satisfaction and quit intentions of offshore workers in the UK North Sea oil and gas industry

The North Sea oil and gas industry currently faces recruitment and retention difficulties because of a shortage of skilled workers. One means of retaining existing employees is to improve workers’ job satisfaction. In this paper, we investigate the determinants of job satisfaction and intentions to quit within this industry sector. We find that individuals in good financial situations, those whose skills are closely related to their job and those who received training reported higher levels of job satisfaction. Furthermore, we establish the importance of job satisfaction, promotion prospects and training opportunities in determining workers’ intentions to quit their job.     

Children aged 9-14 living in disadvantaged areas in England: Opportunities and barriers for cycling

The aim of this paper is to take a holistic perspective to explore levels of cycling and opportunities and barriers to increase children’s safer cycling in disadvantaged areas in England. The study was one part of a larger study which explored the factors underlying the high level of road traffic casualties especially among children in the most disadvantaged areas of England and to explore how this impacts on mobility and quality of life. The methods involved a cross sectional survey comprising school based questionnaire surveys with children aged 9-14 and focus groups with parents who had children within this age range. The surveys were conducted in 2007 and the focus groups during 2008. 4286 children completed the survey and eight focus groups were held. Bike ownership (77%) was high, use in previous week moderate (39%) but only 2% cycled to school. Ownership was significantly lower in minority ethnic groups. Despite young children’s strong preference to travel by cycle (30%) than walk or go by car, most parents felt it was too hazardous. It is unlikely that these findings would be any different from the rest of England, however the combination of environmental and social factors may elevate the risks for young cyclists in these areas. This paper concludes that a number of barriers exist to increasing levels of cycling among children living in disadvantaged areas particularly amongst ethnic groups. These barriers could be addressed by environmental modifications to reduce speeds and by reducing the levels of antisocial driving and riding in residential areas and around destinations where children travel, by providing cycle training to improve children’s skills and parent’s confidence, and by providing secure storage facilities for bikes. Until these barriers are addressed it is unlikely that cycling will increase despite the strong preferences children have to travel by bike. Such preferences to cycle provide an opportunity for local authorities to act on.     

光接收机原理及常见故障分析

本文简要介绍了光接收机工作原理及使用中应注意的一些问题,并结合实际对常见故障进行分析.