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排序方式: 共有782条查询结果,搜索用时 531 毫秒
31.
Torsten Heinrich 《Journal of economic issues》2017,51(2):383-391
Some models in evolutionary economics rely on direct analogies to genetic evolution, assuming a population of firms with routines, technologies, and strategies on which forces of diversity generation and selection act. This narrow conception can build upon previous findings from evolutionary biology. Broader concepts of evolution allow many or just one adaptive entity, instead of necessarily requiring a population. Thus, an institution or a society can also be understood as an evolutionary entity. Both the narrow and broad approaches have been extensively used in the literature, albeit in different literature traditions. I provide an overview of the conception and development of both approaches to evolutionary modeling, and argue that a generalization is needed to realize the full potential of evolutionary modeling. 相似文献
32.
The taxation of bonuses and its effect on executive compensation and risk‐taking: Evidence from the UK experience
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Maximilian von Ehrlich Doina Radulescu 《Journal of Economics & Management Strategy》2017,26(3):712-731
This paper explores the effects of a bonus tax adopted in the UK in December 2009 on the compensation structure of executives and on risk‐taking behavior in the financial sector. Excessive bonuses are blamed for encouraging risk taking and are regarded as one of the pull factors of the financial crisis. The British government attempted to reduce bonuses and accordingly bank risk taking by means of a special tax on cash‐based bonuses. Using a comprehensive dataset on executive compensation, we show that the introduction of the bonus tax decreased the net cash bonuses awarded to directors by about 40%, accompanied, however, by a simultaneous increases in other forms of pay leaving total compensation as well as risk levels unaffected. 相似文献
33.
Bengt von Bahr 《Scandinavian actuarial journal》2013,2013(4):190-204
Abstract During the latest few years much attention has been given to the study of the ruin problem of a risk business when the epochs of claims form a renewal process. The study of this problem was initiated by E. S. Andersen (1957). Thorin has then in a series of papers (Thorin, 1970, 1971a, 1971b) shown that the Wiener-Hopf technique, originally developed by Cramer (1955) in the case of a Poisson process, can be used in this more general case, and Takacs (1970) has derived results similar to those of Thorin by an entirely new technique. 相似文献
34.
35.
Christian von Hirschhausen Astrid Cullmann 《Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review》2010,46(3):436-445
In this paper, we present a nonparametric comparative efficiency analysis of 179 communal public transport bus companies in Germany (1990–2004). We apply both deterministic data envelopment analysis (DEA) and bootstrapping to test the robustness of our estimates and to test the hypothesis of global and individual constant returns to scale. We find that the average technical efficiency of German bus companies is relatively low. We observe that the industry appears to be characterized by increasing returns to scale for smaller companies. These results would imply increasing pressure on bus companies to restructure. 相似文献
36.
37.
Robin Pope Reinhard Selten Johannes Kaiser Sebastian Kube Jürgen von Hagen 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2012,9(1):13-51
Economists’ faith that variable exchange rates benevolently equilibrate has been empirically disconfirmed. That faith is here tackled at its theoretical core with an exchange rate model that although ultra abstract, includes the undeniable fundamentals of market power and differential goals of central bankers and large-scale private players. It permits a game theoretic analysis under the assumption that all agents maximize their payoffs. The paper then relaxes
the assumption of maximising agents, allowing for a more complex and thus realistic second version of the model that is interpretable
within SKAT, the Stages of Knowledge Ahead Theory of risk and uncertainty. In an experimental setting, this second version
of the model points to: a) the inability of agents in central banks, governments and the private real and financial sectors
to operate in maximising ways; b) destructive central bank conflict; and c) the widely discrepant outcomes arising from the
dynamics of individual personality differences. The paper’s theoretical and empirical findings thus both point to the merits
of a single world currency. 相似文献
38.
Alexander Krammer Bernd Heinrich Matthias Henneberger Florian Lautenbacher 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2011,3(6):345-358
Service-oriented architectures are widely discussed as a design principle for application and enterprise architectures. Nevertheless,
an adequate granularity of services has not yet been researched sufficiently from an economic perspective. The finer the granularity
to realize the functions of a process, the higher the number of services is, and the more effort has to be directed towards
composing them. In contrast, very coarse-grained services bear the disadvantages of higher implementation costs and lower
reuse potential (e.g., in different processes). The aim of the decision model proposed in this paper is to determine an adequate
granularity of services from an economical perspective. Thus, degrees of freedom, which often exist for the choice of granularity
after a domain analysis, can be leveraged to realize a cost-efficient solution. We illustrate the applicability and practical
benefits of the decision model with an example from the context of a financial services provider. 相似文献
39.
Henrik Enderlein Christoph Trebesch Laura von Daniels 《Journal of International Money and Finance》2012
This paper measures “debt disputes” between governments and foreign private creditors in periods of sovereign debt crises. We construct an index of government coerciveness, consisting of 9 objective sub-indicators. Each of these sub-indicators captures unilateral government actions imposed on foreign banks and bondholders. The results provide the first systematic account of debt crises that goes beyond a binary categorization of default versus non-default. Overall, government behavior and rhetoric show a strong variability, ranging from highly confrontational to very smooth crisis resolution processes. In a preliminary analysis on the determinants of coercive behavior, we find political institutions to be significant, while economic and financial factors play a lesser role. These results open up an agenda for future research. 相似文献
40.
Ferdinand A. von Siemens 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2012,114(3):780-807
In this paper, I investigate how an increase in competition for workers influences the impact of social preferences on labor‐market outcomes. By sorting themselves into firms with homogeneous work forces, workers can ensure that they suffer less from social comparisons. Competition promotes choice and thus facilitates sorting. However, competition also boosts rent differences in the labor market, because firms cannot curb internal inequity among its employees without losing workers to competitors. To reduce their exposure to social comparisons, workers might engage in inefficient sorting into unemployment. Consequently, social preferences can have strong effects (i.e., unemployment) in a competitive labor market, whereas they only have a slight impact on labor‐market outcomes in a monopsony. 相似文献