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11.
This study examines asymmetric tax competition under representative democracy systems. The findings show that the degree of asymmetry between countries affects the result of elections in each country, where the citizens select a policy‐maker to set a tax rate for the country. In particular, under certain conditions, a decisive voter in the election can select a citizen whose share of the country's capital is higher than the decisive voter's own share. 相似文献
12.
Gerald C. Nelson Dominique van der Mensbrugghe Helal Ahammad Elodie Blanc Katherine Calvin Tomoko Hasegawa Petr Havlik Edwina Heyhoe Page Kyle Hermann Lotze‐Campen Martin von Lampe Daniel Mason d'Croz Hans van Meijl Christoph Müller John Reilly Richard Robertson Ronald D. Sands Christoph Schmitz Andrzej Tabeau Kiyoshi Takahashi Hugo Valin Dirk Willenbockel 《Agricultural Economics》2014,45(1):85-101
Agriculture is unique among economic sectors in the nature of impacts from climate change. The production activity that transforms inputs into agricultural outputs involves direct use of weather inputs (temperature, solar radiation available to the plant, and precipitation). Previous studies of the impacts of climate change on agriculture have reported substantial differences in outcomes such as prices, production, and trade arising from differences in model inputs and model specification. This article presents climate change results and underlying determinants from a model comparison exercise with 10 of the leading global economic models that include significant representation of agriculture. By harmonizing key drivers that include climate change effects, differences in model outcomes were reduced. The particular choice of climate change drivers for this comparison activity results in large and negative productivity effects. All models respond with higher prices. Producer behavior differs by model with some emphasizing area response and others yield response. Demand response is least important. The differences reflect both differences in model specification and perspectives on the future. The results from this study highlight the need to more fully compare the deep model parameters, to generate a call for a combination of econometric and validation studies to narrow the degree of uncertainty and variability in these parameters and to move to Monte Carlo type simulations to better map the contours of economic uncertainty. 相似文献
13.
This paper presents a neoclassical growth model comprising education and child labor with a focus on developing and aid-receiving countries to demonstrate cyclical growth and bifurcation in economic development. The appearance of multiple equilibria has often been attributed to the internal affairs of recipient countries, such as technology in production, subsistence minimum in consumption, and liquidity constraints in investment. The main argument of this paper is that the aid allocation policy employed by donor countries, thereby the motive of aid-providers, leads to divaricated and cyclical development in the recipient countries. 相似文献
14.
This paper analyzes an endogenous choice problem with regard to tax instruments in a capital tax competition model. Using
a symmetric and two-region model of tax competition, where each region is allowed to choose either a unit or an ad valorem
tax, we show that selecting a unit tax as a policy instrument is the dominant strategy. 相似文献
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16.
John C. Bernard Katie Gifford Hikaru Hanawa Peterson John A. Fox Lenna K. Schott 《国际粮食与农业综合企业市场学杂志》2013,25(2):101-116
ABSTRACTJapanese policies leave its retail market closed to U.S. rice. This study examined prospects of U.S. rice if these markets opened, with required country-of-origin labeling (COOL). Data were from auction experiments examining preferences for U.S. and Japanese rice under two scenarios (COOL with observation and COOL with tasting) using Japanese female primary shoppers. Two segments were identified: those open to U.S. rice at prices equal or above domestic, as likely due to tariffs, and those closed to U.S. rice at any price. About 7% of subjects were in the first segment, while nearly 26% fell in the latter. Tasting failed to generate large changes. Frequent COOL readers were especially closed even after tasting. Tasting did change the profile of open consumers, with demographics mattering less afterward. Under any policy change, U.S. rice would need a discounted price relative to domestic rice; even then, a substantial market segment appears closed. 相似文献
17.
Hikaru Ogawa 《Economics of Governance》2002,3(1):59-69
This paper gives an insight into changes in intergovernmental grants structure, focusing on the type of public project. Presenting
a simple model which incorporates the endogenous determination of project type and grants structure, the results show that
as the relative cost encountered by central government in collecting public funds increases, the central government tends
to choose types of projects which local governments prefer and adopt block grant systems. The resulting equilibrium is compared
with an optimal solution based on an utilitarian welfare function.
Received: December 22, 2000 / Accepted: September 20, 2001 相似文献
18.
This paper evaluates the common practice of estimating dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models using seasonally adjusted data. The simulation experiment shows that the practice leads to sizable distortions in estimated parameters. This is because the effects of seasonality, which are magnified by the model’s capital accumulation and labor market frictions, are not restricted to the so-called seasonal frequencies but instead are propagated across the entire frequency domain. 相似文献
19.
Hikaru Ogawa 《Bulletin of economic research》2000,52(2):151-166
One clear result in the tax competition literature is that, when head taxes on immobile residents are available, the optimal capital tax rate for local government is zero. However, zero tax rate, when resident taxes are available, is incompatible with the phenomenon actually observed. In most countries, local governments use capital taxes as policy variables for choosing a nonzero tax rate. This paper presents a model of a two‐period economy with imperfect mobile capital to explain the behaviour of local government providing capital subsidies on capital. It further examines an equilibrium tax rate where local government’s objectives include Niskanen‐type revenue‐maximizing. 相似文献
20.
Piyush Tiwari & Hiroshi Hasegawa 《Review of urban and regional development studies : RURDS : journal of the Applied Regional Conference》2000,12(2):150-163
The objective of this paper is to study the importance of price index methodology to analyzing intra-metropolitan house price variations in Mumbai. Two hedonic regression-based approaches – cross section and explicit time variable – are compared. The results indicate conclusively that the former is better than the latter. This paper also contributes to the literature on intra-metropolitan house price variations by explaining them based on urban development, population and employment patterns in Mumbai. 相似文献