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Kurt Hoffman 《World development》1985,13(3):371-392
This paper presents the results of a research project which examined the impact of microelectronics on the nature of production and the patterns of international trade in the clothing industry. Empirical evidence is given on the effects of microelectronics-related innovations currently being used by clothing manufacturers in the developed countries. Radical innovations have been introduced in the ‘pre-assembly’ stage which have revolutionized this phase of production. In contrast, the introduction of microelectronics into assembly technology is still limited. As a result, the clothing industry remains reliant on labor-intensive techniques that place it at a competitive disadvantage compared to low-wage developing countries. Hence, the determinants of international competitive advantage in the industry remain largely unaltered. However, due to increasing concentration and major new R&D efforts in the public and private sector, it is argued that the preconditions are being laid for a fundamental structural and technological transformation of the industry in the North, which could have very important implications for the competitive position of Third World clothing exporters. Emphasis is also placed upon the continued restraining effects of protectionist barriers imposed by the main importing nations and on the differential impact of this on the ability of newer entrants to achieve rapid and sustained export growth. 相似文献
13.
Little research attention has been devoted to the impact of salesperson failure and recovery management on customer relationship development. This paper develops a theoretically anchored and externally validated sales recovery audit for the purpose of assessing sales organization performance in these matters. Results based on a survey of 177 sales managers indicate that practice of sales recovery efforts lags behind their perceived importance as they relate to organizational success. The sales recovery audit presented here can be a useful tool to continuously evaluate and enhance sales recovery efforts for the purpose of building a stronger relationship selling organization. 相似文献
14.
In this paper, we examine wage inequality and wage differentials in Croatia from 1970 to 2008 using two long aggregate time series on the distribution of income. We focus especially on changing income inequality related to educational and vocational attainment, changing income inequality within those groups, and how these two components of inequality were affected by the economic transformation from socialism to capitalism. We find that income inequality between groups rose moderately post-transformation, while overall inequality increased more sharply. This finding is consistent with a growing importance of individual rather than group productivity in labor market compensation, a change broadly consistent with the economic transformation of the Croatian labor market. 相似文献
15.
Bruce W. Ferguson Michael L. Hoffman 《Review of urban and regional development studies : RURDS : journal of the Applied Regional Conference》1993,5(1):51-73
Until recently, urban land and housing markets in Indonesia seemed to function well. Informal-sector development provided low-income housing affordably. Through government programs, formal-sector developers could build housing for all but the poor. Since 1989, however, daily conversation pictures land speculation as rampant and formal-sector housing as rising beyond the means of the middle class. Newspapers carry stories of conflicts between small landowners and large developers with government officials in between. This article investigates this situation by addressing two related questions: are urban land prices rising “too fast?”; how do land regulations and development practices affect costs, and who pays these costs? The article includes quantitative estimates of urban land prices, changes in urban land supply, movement of land through the permitting process, and the effect of development regulations on costs. Data come from a literature survey and interviews of some of the largest formal-sector developers in Indonesia. A principal finding concerns a development regulation called a “location permit” and the “social function” of land in Indonesian law. Although helpful as a means of assembling land in Indonesia's highly fragmented land markets, location permits allow formal-sector developers to hold land off the market and pay low prices to small landowners. Ultimately, the “social function” of land under Indonesian law holds down the price formal-sector developers pay for land, but not at the price at which they sell their product. The article concludes by proposing reforms to the regulatory process. 相似文献
16.
Lynn Hoffman Sharon Clinebell John Kilpatrick 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》1997,10(4):263-275
Office romances have increased dramatically as more men and women work together for prolonged periods. The article reviews reasons why office romances are flourishing, examines the corporate response to office romances, discusses the rights and responsibilities of employees, co-workers, and employers, and recommends courses of action for each. 相似文献
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19.
Emily P. Hoffman 《The Review of Black Political Economy》1982,11(4):429-439
Conclusions The presence of young children decreases women’s labor supply as shown by the LFPRs for women with young children (which are
always considerably lower than those for women without young children). Also, the number of young children is almost always
negatively related to annual hours of labor supplied (significantly so in half the regressions). Black and white women are
found to have an inelastic labor supply, but with increasing elasticity from 1969 to 1974. There is a statistically significant
difference in the estimated regression coefficients of the labor supply model for black and white married women in 1969 and
1974 in both the arithmetic and logarithmic forms. The husband’s earnings are significantly negatively related to white married
women’s annual hours of work in 1974, while the relationship is not significant for black married women. Crosselasticity terms
show that white married women decrease their annual hours of work in response to an increase in husband’s earnings to a greater
extent than black married women in 1971 and 1974. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that black women do not
rely on their husband’s earnings to as great an extent as white women. 相似文献
20.
This study evaluated consumer behavioural patterns in relation to meat products, with special reference to the African sharptooth catfish, in the Northern Province. Personal interviews were conducted in rural Ga‐Mamphaka and urban Giyani. The major meat type purchased was found to be chicken (71 per cent in the rural and 46 per cent in the urban community). The sharptooth catfish was found to be acceptable to the majority of respondents, both urban (69 per cent) and rural (57 per cent). Most respondents also indicated that they would like to purchase canned catfish. A potential market for catfish would seem to exist at a price competitive with that of chicken. 相似文献