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排序方式: 共有450条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
91.
This paper contributes to understanding the determinants of patent value. By drawing on a real options approach, we develop a theoretical model of patent value, which explicitly considers the uncertainty about future value. On this basis, we rely on Monte Carlo simulations with data from a case study in a large chemical firm to estimate patent value according to our model. In the simulation analyses, we compare an R&D project with patent protection and the same project without patent protection. The difference of the values of the two projects is the surplus in profit that may be expected from having a patent covering the project. This surplus is regarded as the value that is directly attributable to the patent. The results of the simulation analyses indicate that the development costs and expected net cash flows of a patent-protected project are higher than of an unpatented project. The higher net cash flows outgrow the increased development costs, and patent value is positive. However, this value is smaller than the overall project value of the patent-protected R&D project. 相似文献
92.
Holger Müller Eike Benjamin Kroll Bodo Vogt 《Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services》2010,17(5):441-448
In this article, the compromise effect (CE) is investigated according to which the choice share of a particular product is expected to increase when it is in an intermediate position in a subset of a product line. In a laboratory-based replication study, we tested CE both in hypothetical non-binding settings most commonly used in previous research on CE as well as in settings where experienced consumers make unforced and binding purchase decisions between real brands of two particular categories. While results prove robustness of the compromise effect even in the binding choice context, its magnitude is significantly reduced, hence indicating a hypothetical bias. Thus, since the CE is evidently less prevalent in the more realistic binding choice setting, compromise effects must be considered overrated to a certain degree in the previous studies on hypothetical decisions. 相似文献
93.
Jeder Mitarbeiter sollte sich als Verk?ufer fühlen. Denn die Zeiten, in denen das Verkaufen von Produkten und Dienstleistungen
ausschlie?lich Aufgabe der Vertriebsabteilung war, sind l?ngst vorbei. Heute gibt es kaum einen Bereich, der keinen Beitrag
zum Vertriebserfolg leisten kann. Dieser Artikel zeigt, wie man die Vertriebsorientierung des gesamten Unternehmens erh?hen
kann. 相似文献
94.
Testing measurement invariance using multigroup CFA: differences between educational groups in human values measurement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Holger Steinmetz Peter Schmidt Andrea Tina-Booh Siegrid Wieczorek Shalom H. Schwartz 《Quality and Quantity》2009,43(4):599-616
This article applies the testing procedures for measurement invariance using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA).
It illustrates these procedures by investigating the factorial structure and invariance of the Portraits Value Questionnaire
(PVQ, Schwartz et al.: J. Cross Cult. Psychol. 32(5), 519–542 (2001)) across three education groups in a population sample (N = 1,677). The PVQ measures 10 basic values that Schwartz postulates to comprehensively describe the human values recognized
in all societies (achievement, hedonism, self-direction, benevolence, conformity, security, stimulation, power, tradition
and universalism). We also estimate and compare the latent means of the three education groups. The analyses show partial
invariance for most of the 10 values and parameters. As expected, the latent means show that less educated respondents attribute
more importance to security, tradition, and conformity values. 相似文献
95.
Abstract. Our paper investigates the link between international outsourcing and wages utilizing a large household panel and combining it with industry-level information on industries' outsourcing activities from input-output tables. This approach avoids problems such as aggregation bias, potential endogeneity bias, and poor skill definitions that commonly hamper industry-level studies. We find that outsourcing has had a marked impact on wages. Applying two alternative skill classifications, we find evidence that a 1 percentage point increase in outsourcing reduced the wage for workers in the lowest skill categories by up to 1.5%, while it increased wages for high-skilled workers by up to 2.6%. This result is robust to a number of different specifications. 相似文献
96.
Parasocial interactions and relationships are a frequently used framework for studies on media reception in communication research. In spite of its long tradition, however, the concept is still in need of several clarifications. Therefore, this article explores ways to increase the explanatory value of the concept. We briefly present major problems of the definition and conceptualization of parasocial interactions and relationships, namely the understanding of the key elements interaction, relationship, and persona, and suggest first ideas for their solution. Subsequently, opportunities are outlined to enhance the concept by integrating other theories and concepts on media reception and interpersonal perception, taking them from communication research and psychology. Finally, we discuss methodological problems in general and specific shortcomings of the quasi-standard measure, the Parasocial-Interaction-Scale. 相似文献
97.
Upper echelons and portfolio strategies of venture capital firms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Holger Patzelt Dodo zu Knyphausen-Aufseß Heiko T. Fischer 《Journal of Business Venturing》2009,24(6):558-572
In this study we analyze how the composition of the top management team (TMT) influences the portfolio strategy choice in venture capital (VC) organizations. We develop a model of risk perception to investigate how education and experience of TMT members impact whether VC organizations invest with a focus on early stage ventures or not, specialize or diversify across industries, and invest with a broad or narrow geographic scope.Evaluation of data on TMTs and portfolio strategies of 136 European VC firms revealed that VC firms with higher proportions of TMT members with science/engineering education and entrepreneurial experience more likely invest with an early stage focus. Furthermore, TMTs with more management education diversify their portfolios more across industries. Finally, the more international experience TMT members of VC organizations have, the broader the geographic scope of investees. We discuss the implications of our findings for the VC literature. 相似文献
98.
Holger Breinlich 《Journal of International Economics》2008,76(2):254-266
This paper analyzes mergers and acquisitions (M&As) as a channel of industrial restructuring after trade liberalization. Using the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (CUSFTA) of 1989 as a source of exogenous variation in trade barriers, I show that trade liberalization increased domestic Canadian M&A activity (Canadian firms buying other Canadian firms) by over 70%. There is no robust link between tariff reductions and either domestic U.S. or cross-border M&As. I also provide evidence that domestic M&As transferred resources from less to more productive firms and that the magnitude of the overall transfer was quantitatively important. 相似文献
99.
Stock externalities and ecological interaction have similar equilibrium effects. The influence on the dynamics of an ecosystem, however, is quite different. The different effects are laid out theoretically in the context of a forest-air model. We compare a centralized, welfare-maximizing policy and decentralized policies. Finally, we numerically simulate the dynamic differences between stock externalities and ecological interaction. 相似文献
100.
J.-Matthias Graf von der Schulenburg 《保险科学杂志》2000,89(2-3):161-192
Insurance markets and economic financial theory are characterised by a growing diversification and pluralism. A structure is needed to describe the diversification of theory and practice of insurance business. This paper develops such a structure. In addition it shows how new theoretical concepts have lead to new products and new organisational structures on insurance markets. The development in the past decade has shown a close interaction between economic theory and insurance practice. This paper tries to show this interaction by refering to the pluralism of insurance markets. 相似文献