Improving Estimates of Inequality and Poverty from Urban China's Household Income and Expenditure Survey

In urban China the Household Income and Expenditure Survey requires respondents to keep a daily expenditure diary for a full 12-month period. This onerous reporting task makes it difficult to recruit respondents, compromising the sample. This article uses monthly expenditure data from two urban areas of China to see if data collection short-cuts, such as extrapolating to annual totals from expenditure reports in only some months of the year, would harm the accuracy of annual expenditure, inequality and poverty estimates. Replacing 12-month diaries with simple extrapolations from either one, two, four or six months would cause a sharp increase in estimates of annual inequality and poverty. This undermines international comparisons of inequality statistics because no country other than China uses such comprehensive 12-month expenditure records. But a corrected form of extrapolation, based on correlations between the same household's expenditures in different months of the year, gives much smaller errors in estimates of inequality and poverty.     

FANUC数控系统与PC机的数据传输方法

介绍采用TT通信软件和PC机的RS232C串口与FANUC数控系统进行数据传输的方法。     

Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: The role of knowledge creation process

This study examines the relationships among entrepreneurial orientation, knowledge creation process, and firm performance using survey data from 165 entrepreneurs. We use LISREL analysis to test the direct and indirect effects of the entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance. Knowledge creation process - operationalized to reflect the dimensions of socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization - is used as the mediating variable for explaining the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. The results indicate that the significance of the direct effect of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance is reduced when the indirect effect of entrepreneurial orientation through knowledge creation process is included in a total effect model. Consequently, entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to firm performance, and knowledge creation process plays a mediating role in this relationship.     

商业银行弱经济周期性分析及启示——以美国富国银行为例

商业银行经营往往具有较强的亲经济周期性,这不仅增大了银行股东的风险,也不利于塑造稳健经营的社会形象.本文选取美国富国银行为案例,通过主成分分析方法评估富国银行多年的经营表现情况,并结合美国经济波动情况,得出结论:富国银行经营具有稳定上升趋势,受到宏观经济的影响较小,具有弱经济周期性.本文最后结合富国银行的经营理念、风险控制、多元化渠道建设以及并购战略等因素,探讨富国银行弱经济周期性背后的原因及其对我周商业银行的启示.     

混合历史模拟法在金融风险度量中的应用

随着银行业务的不断发展和市场竞争的加剧,银行业风险呈现出复杂多变的特征,<新巴塞尔协议>的出台对银行风险管理提出了更高要求.由于中国大多数银行开展风险管理的时间不长,相关数据积累不足.因而选择合适的模型显得尤为重要.本文针对风险计量VaR模型的历史模拟法,运用回溯检验的原理,比较分析了混合历史模拟法与一般历史模拟法在小样本情形下的表现,得到了相对于一般历史模拟法而言,混合历史模拟法能更好地度量风险的结论.     

大成话词汇与广州话词汇差异比较分析

广西平南县大成话属于粤方言的次方言,在词汇上,大成话和广州话的特点大同小异。文章主要从词汇的构词形式、词汇的意义两个方面来比较分析大成话与广州话的词汇差异,并从语音变化的影响、语言继承的影响、语言接触的影响、语言认知的影响、社会文化的影响和社会分工不同的影响等6个方面来探讨大成话词汇和广州话词汇差异的成因。     

Hedonic models and air pollution: Twenty-five years and counting

This paper reports a meta analysis of how effectively hedonic property models have detected the influence of air pollution on housing prices. Probit estimates are reported describing how data, model specification, and local property market conditions in cities represented in thirty-seven studies influence the ability of hedonic models to uncover negative, statistically significant relationships between housing prices and air pollution measures.Partial support for this research was provided by the Russell Sage Foundation. Thanks are due David Cordray, Heidi Hartman, and Larry Hedges of the Foundation's Meta-Analysis Panel for constructive comments, to Ray Palmquist for suggestions and assistance in assembling the results from his studies, to Rick Freeman and Tom Tietenberg and two anonymous referees for comments on the research, and to Barbara Scott for constructive editing of earlier drafts of this paper.     

澳大利亚、新西兰政府扶持小企业发展的经验及思考

加强政府对小企业发展的扶持,创新扶持的方式,是我国经济发展中面临的课题。作者通过对澳大利亚、新西兰扶持小企业发展情况的考察,论述了两国政府对小企业管理和扶持的系统做法,重点介绍了澳大利亚政府所资助的商业企业服务中心(简称BEC)的职能、体系、运作方式、服务内容和标准,阐述了政府对BEC实施管理和服务的方式方法,并结合作者所在市实际,对地方政府借鉴澳、新经验构筑中小企业服务平台,运用市场机制发展类似商业企业服务中心等机构,加强对中小企业的政策扶持,提高支持中小企业发展的组织程序提出了对策建议。     

中国被忽视的非正规经济：现实与理论

中国的“非正规经济”就业人员（即没有工作保障,缺少福利和不受国家劳动法保护的劳工）已占今天2．83亿城镇就业人员总数中的1．68亿,比正规就业人员要多出一倍半。但是,今目的中国国家统计机构尚未真正正视非正规经济就业人员统计。其部分原因是当前的主流经济（以及社会）理论——即主要来自20世纪60年代在美国盛行的“二元经济”理论、“三部门理论”和“橄榄型”社会结构理论——的误导。这些理论共同构成了50年代和60年代风行美国的“现代化”模式。本文扼要论述该模式的关键论点,进而回顾70年代和80年代发展经济学“革命”中有关学者对其所作的批评,以及后来新古典经济学在美国新保守主义领导下进行的“反革命”辩驳,重在揭示论争双方的意识形态化偏颇,并突出各自的洞见,提倡适当结合双方正确的见解,由此建立去意识形态化的理论观点,以助于理解今天非正规经济的现实。     

数字化转型与企业价值——基于文本分析方法的经验证据

本文基于中国上市企业2007-2019年数据,借助爬虫技术归集企业年报中的"数字化转型"关键词,实证检验数字化转型对企业价值的影响及其渠道机制.研究发现,数字化转型能够显著提升企业的价值水平.异质性检验结果发现,企业数字化转型对于"国有企业-非国有企业"的价值水平都具有显著的正向驱动作用,但对于非国有企业而言,这种促进作用更为明显;企业数字化转型对"高科技企业-非高科技企业"的价值都具有显著的正向促进作用,对于其中的高科技企业而言,这种促进作用更为明显.从渠道机制检验来看,企业数字化转型能够有效提升技术创新能力、增强要素配置水平并对风险具有更强的可控力,这些因素的改善,都有助于企业价值水平的增加.