为什么交易服务中间商存在? 内生分工的一般均衡分析

本文考虑个人既是生产者(包括中间商)又是消费者的情况,同时基于分工获益与交易费用之间的冲突,运用超边际及一般均衡方法,探索了交易服务中间商出现和存在的理由。本文证明,交易服务中间商是专业化和分工水平提高的产物,而这种专业化和分工水平的提高则来自于制度效率和交易服务的交易效率所共同决定的产品总贸易效率的充分改进;交易服务中间商的出现还受到生产和交易的学习成本的影响,也会随着交易服务的生产技术的提高而加速;总贸易效率的提高同时也导致了交易服务中间商协调的委托贸易模式取代自给自足和非专业化生产者-消费者之间的直接贸易模式,并使得市场种类数增加、经济依存度提高、交易迂回度提高和人均真实收入增加。本文对于理解运输和物流服务的外包与内部化、生产与交易的交互作用以及营销渠道的形成具有意义。     

Empirical Testing of the Reference-Price Effect of Buy-Now Prices in Internet Auctions

Retailers selling items through Internet auctions frequently use buy-now prices (BNPs), which allow the immediate selling of an item to consumers at a fixed price. Previous research has proposed several theories of the usage of BNPs by bidders. We study the usage of BNPs from a seller's point of view. We propose that a retailer may use BNPs as external reference prices, influencing bidders’ valuations in Internet auctions. We focus on the effect of BNPs on bidders’ willingness to pay (WTP) and study under what conditions a BNP can be effectively used as an external reference price. Results of two empirical studies clearly indicate that BNPs have a reference-price effect. In addition, we find that this effect is moderated by (1) the difficulty of value assessment and (2) product value.     

德英两国医疗保障模式比较分析:俾斯麦模式和贝弗里奇模式

本文通过对德国社会医疗保障体制(俾斯麦模式)和英国全民医疗保障体系(贝弗里奇模式)的基本理念、筹资、偿付、服务提供规制的描述,勾勒出两大体制的核心特征,分析它们面临的问题和挑战,并对其改革进行了评判,在此基础上指出了对我国医疗保障制度改革的借鉴意义.     

社区参与视角下民族村寨旅游可持续发展评估

社区的有效参与对民族村寨旅游业的可持续发展起着举足轻重的作用.由社区村民参与旅游可持续发展评估,将促进社区村民理解并自觉地按照可持续发展理念来参与村寨旅游活动,且评估结果更切合村寨实际并易于村民认可.从社区参与视角出发,以贵州黔东南郎德上寨为例,根据系统性、科学性、可操作性与动态性原则,在与村民充分沟通的背景下,设计了由25个指标构成的村寨可持续发展指标体系框架及调查问卷.研究了社区参与的民族村寨旅游可持续发展评估方法,为其他村寨的社区参与旅游可持续发展提供了有益的借鉴.     

土地储备与城市规划良性互动的机制研究

市场经济背景下,土地使用制度改革由推行有偿使用阶段进入到推行运营土地的理念阶段.政府要促进国有土地资产保值、增值及变现,城市规划和土地储备是两个重要手段,前者为土地资产变现提供基础、创造条件,后者为土地资产变现提供平台.从客观上分析城市规划和土地储备之间相互促进的关系,指出当前由于管理体制等方面的原因,土地储备和城市规划未能充分互动的现实问题,最后提出了建立土地储备规划与计划的编制和运行机制,是促进两者良性互动和推动城市可持续发展的关键.     

中国的国际收支失衡:基于收入分配的新视角

本文通过对相关数据的对比分析发现:导致中国国际收支失衡的根源是中国国内收入分配的失衡.这表现为两个方面:一是宏观收入分配的失衡,即政府收入和企业收入占GDP的比重过高且不断上升,而居民收入增长率长期低于GDP增长率且居民收入占GDP的比重不断下降;二是功能性收入分配的失衡,即中国的生产要素没有按照其对生产贡献的大小获得相应的报酬.因此,如果不从根本上解决收入分配失衡问题,则中国的国际收支失衡状况还将持续下去.这意味着,解决中国国际收支失衡问题的关键并不在国际收支本身,而是要在制度改革上有重大突破,即通过"对个人放权让利"以从根本上解决中国的收入分配失衡问题,并以此形成真正的市场机制.     

中国上市公司股利分配行业差异的实证研究

本文根据中国证监会<上市公司行业分类指引>对沪深A股上市公司进行的行业分类,比较全面深入地研究了股利分配的行业差异.研究发现:(1)行业是影响中国上市公司股利分配的重要因素之一,上市公司约11%的股份利分配的差异可以由公司所处的行业门类的不同来解释;(2)不同行业上市公司的股利分配具有显著的差异;(3)不同行业之间股利分配的差异具有稳定性.     

DEVELOPING EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF INNOVATIONS: MICROECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN

This paper aims to identify the effects of innovation on employment and labor composition in Taiwan. Using a new and detailed firm‐level data set, the empirical results determine that innovations, measured by R&D investments or patent counts, have a positive impact on employment. Both of the estimated employment effects of product and process innovations are overall significantly positive. Although the effects of process innovations differ between high and low R&D‐intensive industries, the process innovation tends to expand the firms’ output and then increase employment for high R&D‐intensive industries. However, it frequently results in laborsavings in terms of production work and reduces jobs in low R&D‐intensive industries. Moreover, technological innovations are found to be non‐neutral, leading to a shift in labor composition in favor of skilled and more educated workers.     

Financial Development, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Efficiency of Capital Allocation in China

We study the roles of local financial development and foreign direct investment, and more importantly, their interaction with one another, in local capital allocation, based on Chinese industrial and regional data. Our main finding is that, although local financial development and FDI each individually tended to improve the efficiency of local capital allocation during the sample period, they tended to compete and crowd out each other’s effect, so that one impaired the individual function of the other. In particular, there exists a threshold value for local financial development, above which an increase in FDI reduces the efficiency of local capital allocation, rather than improve it. On the other hand, there exists a threshold value for FDI, above which further development in the local financial system lowers the efficiency of local capital allocation, rather than increase it. Our estimations suggest that the levels of FDI and local financial development in some relatively more developed Chinese regions have already surpassed such threshold values. We provide some interpretations of our findings and we discuss potential policy implications.     

金融基础设施对经济发展的推动作用研究——以我国征信系统为例

本文建立了考察金融基础设施对经济发展推动作用的评估模型,并以金融基础设施中极为重要的征信系统为例,量化评估了金融基础设施对我国宏观经济的促进作用。通过模型对中国人民银行征信中心所有底层数据以及针对21家全国性银行和257家地方性金融机构的调查问卷数据进行分析,我们发现征信系统促进了宏观经济中的总消费和总投资,并估算出征信系统对GDP增长的贡献占比为4.28%,相当于0.33个百分点的GDP增长率。