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131.
Kyu Sang Lee 《Experimental Economics》2005,8(2):171
This dissertation aims at elucidating the history of Vernon Smith’s experimental economics by focusing its attention upon the three themes of rationality, minds and machines that assumed significance at different (albeit overlapping) stages of the development of Smith’s experimental economics with the help of his published and unpublished papers.Chapter 1 is devoted to the scrutiny of the form of rationality incorporated into the portions of Smith’s laboratory experiments whose results have usually been taken as corroborations of his “Hayek Hypothesis.” By bringing into the foreground Smith’s definite position on demand theory and its concrete instantiations on many different occasions, we make the case that Smith has consistently imposed by means of the induced value theory certain narrowly defined preference structures that have definite implications for the form of rationality instantiated in the laboratory.The main narrative in Chapter 2 concerns Smith’s intellectual interchanges with behavioral scientists in the early 1960s, more specifically, his reactions to behavioral scientists’ attempts at cognitive modeling. We present several reasons for interpreting Smith’s initiation of the attempt at the maximization-based induced value theory as an endeavor to discipline subjects’ minds. We also provide in Chapter 2 a portrayal of Smith’s missed opportunities to get involved in the large-scale laboratory experimentation projects pursued in the 1950s in close connection with several branches of psychology.Chapter 3 consists of two parts. In Part 1, we describe the origin of mechanism design economics, and offer a detailed explanation of the analytical kinship between Smith’s “microeconomic system theory” and the standard conceptual framework utilized in mechanism design economics. Part 2 is devoted to describing the roles played by the computer in both Smith’s empirical research agenda and the theoretical, mechanism design research pursued by Stanley Reiter (one of Smith’s intellectual companions since the 1950s). Our historical narrative in Chapter 3 is intended to clarify that computer experience and computational theory drove the development of Reiter’ version of mechanism design economics, and that they also (partially) shaped some crucial events in the history of Smith’s version of experimental economics.JEL Classification: B21, B31, C90, C92, D02Prof. Philip E. Mirowski: Advisor 相似文献
132.
This paper uses U.S. monthly industrial production employment data between 1964 and 2000 to examine the dynamic labor adjustments of production workers and nonproduction workers in both the short and long-run. The results from the short-run analysis show that the dynamic adjustment of production workers is consistent with business cycles. However, the adjustment of nonproduction workers is relatively fixed, lags behind the shocks over business cycle changes, and exhibits the quasi-fixed factor property. In the long-run, we found that nonproduction workers and production workers are cointegrated indicating that the two series are in long-run equilibrium.First version received: March 2002/Final version received: November 2003We would like to thank James McClure, participants in the Economics Department seminar series at Ball State University, and an anonymous referee for their comments and suggestions. 相似文献
133.
134.
Understanding the adoption of new brands through salespeople: a multilevel framework 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jan Wieseke Christian Homburg Nick Lee 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2008,36(2):278-291
So far there has been scant empirical attention paid to the role of the sales force in the adoption of new brands in the early
implementation stages. We test a framework of internal (sales manager and salespeople) brand adoption using an empirical multilevel
study. Our findings suggest that the construct of expected customer demand (ECD) plays an important role in sales force brand
adoption. First, ECD directly influences salespeople’s and sales managers’ brand adoption. Second, ECD serves as a cross-level
moderator of new brand adoption transmission. We find the influence of sales managers’ brand adoption on salespeople’s brand
adoption to be stronger when salespeople’s ECD is lower. 相似文献
135.
In this paper, we investigate whether information on the history of purchase intentions is useful in predicting actual purchase behavior. The research is motivated by two factors. The first
factor is the empirical finding in the literature that measuring intentions just prior to purchase provides better predictions
of actual purchase as compared to when these intentions are measured earlier. The second factor is the role of the timing
of the formation of intentions prior to purchase. While one stream of literature based on preference fluency predicts that
early formation of intentions is more likely to lead to actual purchase, the other stream based on the memory-based “recency”
effect predicts that formation of intentions just prior to purchase is more likely to lead to actual purchase. Together, these
two factors motivate the potential need to account for the entire history of intentions prior to purchase. A canonical example
of a market where intention histories are tracked is the movie industry, where “first choice” movie watching intentions are
tracked up to (and in some cases beyond) the time of release. Accommodating the history of intentions in an econometric model
that predicts actual box office performance is challenging due to the differing numbers of observations for the movies, the
large numbers of observations for certain movies, as well as the role of various time-invariant and time-varying covariates
influencing intentions. We propose a two-part model where the first part involves a hierarchical growth model that summarizes
the trajectories of intentions via “growth factors.” These growth factors also reflect the role of the various covariates.
The second part is a regression of the box office performance on the growth factors and other covariates. The models are simultaneously
estimated within a Bayesian framework. Consistent with the previous literature, we find that including information on intentions
improves our ability to predict behavior, with the recent intentions being the most informative. Importantly, when the history
of intentions is accounted for, our results indicate that the data support the “recency” literature—intentions grow over time
leading up to purchase, and this growth has a positive impact on opening box office performance. While a linear growth model
performs best for most movies, there exists a subset of movies for which the quadratic growth model better captures the “spike”
in intentions just prior to purchase. Further, accounting for information on the history of intentions dramatically improves
model fit and forecasting performance relative to when only the intentions at one point in time (e.g., the ones just prior
to purchase) are accounted for. 相似文献
136.
This paper applies a stochastic frontier production model with time-varying technical efficiency to investigate the relationship between public capital and technical efficiency. It is based on the proposition that public capital has an effect on actual output by enhancing technical efficiency, thereby reducing the gap between maximum potential output and actual output. Empirical results using panel data from U.S. state manufacturing industries during 1969–86 show that technical efficiencies varied substantially, both between states and between years; variations in technical efficiency are significantly explained by variations in public-sector capital.
JEL Classification Numbers: O20, H54, C23. 相似文献
JEL Classification Numbers: O20, H54, C23. 相似文献
137.
Jung Hoon Lee Hyung-il Kim Robert Phaal 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2012,79(2):263-280
In recent years, many industrial firms have been able to use roadmapping as an effective process methodology for projecting future technology and for coordinating technology planning and strategy. Firms potentially realize a number of benefits in deploying technology roadmapping (TRM) processes. Roadmaps provide information identifying which new technologies will meet firms' future product demands, allowing companies to leverage R&D investments through choosing appropriately out of a range of alternative technologies. Moreover, the roadmapping process serves an important communication tool helping to bring about consensus among roadmap developers, as well as between participants brought in during the development process, who may communicate their understanding of shared corporate goals through the roadmap. However, there are few conceptual accounts or case studies have made the argument that roadmapping processes may be used effectively as communication tools. This paper, therefore, seeks to elaborate a theoretical foundation for identifying the factors that must be considered in setting up a roadmap and for analyzing the effect of these factors on technology roadmap credibility as perceived by its users. Based on the survey results of 120 different R&D units, this empirical study found that firms need to explore further how they can enable frequent interactions between the TRM development team and TRM participants. A high level of interaction will improve the credibility of a TRM, with communication channels selected by the organization also positively affecting TRM credibility. 相似文献
138.
Regional Economic Disparity,Financial Disparity,and National Economic Growth: Evidence from China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The dynamic relations among national economic growth, economic disparity, and financial disparity in China are examined. Specifically, the focus is on whether economic disparity or financial disparity affects national economic growth. As measures of economic and financial disparity across regions and provinces, the Williamson coefficient of disparity is employed using both regional data (eastern, central, and western) and provincial data (from 31 provinces). Overall, it is found that both provincial financial disparity and, to a lesser degree, economic disparity have a negative effect on national economic growth. In addition, financial disparity appears to be exogenous, suggesting that financial disparity is not influenced by either economic disparity or national economic growth. 相似文献
139.
This paper investigates precautionary saving under liquidity constraints in Pakistan using household panel data. In particular, while it estimates Kimball's [Kimball, M.S. Precautionary saving in the small and in the large. Econometrica 1990; 58; 53–73.] prudence parameter based on a framework that is similar to Dynan [Dynan, K.E. How prudent are consumers? Journal of Political Economy 1993; 101; 1104–1113.], this study deviates from the framework by explicitly considering liquidity constraints, as in Zeldes [Zeldes, S.P. Consumption and liquidity constraints: an empirical investigation. Journal of Political Economy 1989; 97; 305–346.]. By doing so, this paper attempts to differentiate the standard precautionary saving caused by uncertainty from that caused by liquidity constraints. Furthermore, endogenous liquidity constraints are used in order to resolve issues of selection biases. We find substantial evidence of the presence of precautionary saving in Pakistan. More specifically, the estimated prudence is significantly higher for liquidity-constrained households as compared with unconstrained ones. The finding suggests that the precautionary saving motives appear stronger when households see that their access to credit markets is limited. 相似文献
140.
Wan-Jiun Paul Chiou Alice C. Lee Cheng-Few Lee 《International Review of Economics & Finance》2010,19(1):95-105
This paper investigates how the legal environment in a country influences performance and risk of stock across countries at different developmental stages and of various rules of jurisdiction. Using data of 4916 stocks from 37 countries, our empirical findings confirm that equities in countries with English common law origin have higher risk premiums than those in civil law countries, particularly for countries of the French/Spanish code. The indicators representing high efficiency in law system, low corruption, strong legal protection of investors' rights, and reliable political environment are associated with low risk and high performance. The various elements of legal procedural formalism, however, have differing effects on volatility and return. 相似文献