全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4269篇 |
免费 | 201篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 566篇 |
工业经济 | 195篇 |
计划管理 | 920篇 |
经济学 | 1267篇 |
综合类 | 17篇 |
运输经济 | 119篇 |
旅游经济 | 116篇 |
贸易经济 | 954篇 |
农业经济 | 149篇 |
经济概况 | 165篇 |
邮电经济 | 2篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 77篇 |
2022年 | 65篇 |
2021年 | 75篇 |
2020年 | 167篇 |
2019年 | 206篇 |
2018年 | 266篇 |
2017年 | 356篇 |
2016年 | 281篇 |
2015年 | 159篇 |
2014年 | 209篇 |
2013年 | 825篇 |
2012年 | 211篇 |
2011年 | 186篇 |
2010年 | 203篇 |
2009年 | 173篇 |
2008年 | 151篇 |
2007年 | 143篇 |
2006年 | 113篇 |
2005年 | 97篇 |
2004年 | 83篇 |
2003年 | 65篇 |
2002年 | 64篇 |
2001年 | 51篇 |
2000年 | 44篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1947年 | 1篇 |
1908年 | 1篇 |
1876年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4470条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
A bstract . The actions of government fall into two types: taxes (the taking of property ) and expenditures (the awarding of gifts ). Politicians profit as long as the value of resources raised from taxation exceeds the cost of expenditures. From their point of view, fiscal efficiency consists in maximizing the support obtained by spending and minimizing the opposition generated by taxing. This is accomplished by spending on well-organized groups and taxing the uninformed public. This results in the "iron law of political redistribution" in which income and wealth are transferred from the latter to the former. In a hierarchical State , it is usually profitable for those at the top to centralize control over taxing and spending, if for no other reason than to make it difficult for politicians at lower levels to compete against them. This gives rise to the "law of hierarchical centralization "—in a hierarchical State, power becomes centralized over time. The greater the power of government, the faster this process takes place. In order to avoid this problem, one could design constitutions which are non-hierarchical in nature, in which each unit of government is completely autonomous from the others, as firms are in a free market. 相似文献
32.
33.
Roberto Rodríguez-Ibeas 《Spanish Economic Review》2006,8(4):271-283
We consider a standard probabilistic model of random monitoring to analyze the interactions between a firm and a monitoring agency in the presence of “green” consumers when compliance payoffs are contingent on monitoring and monitoring costs are shared by the monitoring agency and the firm. When the amount paid by the firms if monitored is exogenously fixed, we find that full compliance is implemented with a finite fine. If there is an upper bound for the fine and the regulator determines endogenously the fine and the amount paid by the firms if monitored, we find that full compliance is also achieved, although the optimal fine is now set at its maximum level. The optimal amount paid by the firms if monitored is lower than the environmental premium the compliant firm gets.The author thanks two anonymous referees for their useful comments and suggestions 相似文献
34.
Modern information and microelectronic technology can be used to improve road traffic. The aim of this study is to create scenarios on how new information systems for improved road traffic can evolve. What are the driving forces? Who can act? Who can benefit? What are the social impacts?Through the use of a Delphi panel of professionals, researchers, and informed generalists, we have gathered impulses for the scenarios on how information technology, communication means, and control systems can reshape future road traffic. The issue studied is how this “Road Transport Informatics” (RTI) will evolve. 相似文献
35.
Summary We provide an elementary proof showing how in economies with an arbitrary number of agents an arbitrary number of public goods and utility functions quasi-linear in money, any efficient and individually rational mechanism is not strategy-proof for any economy satisfying a mild regularity requirement.The authors wish to thank William Thomson, Salvadpr Barberá, José Angel Silva and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. The remaining errors are our exclusive responsibility. Financial support from DGICYT under project PB 91-0756 and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
36.
José Ramón Cancelo Estefanía Mourelle 《International Advances in Economic Research》2005,11(2):135-147
This paper applies smooth transition models to capture the nonlinear behavior in the imports data of six major European economies and to assess whether such nonlinearities are related to business cycle asymmetries. Two classes of switch between regimes are considered: endogenously determined transition that assumes nonlinearities are generated by idiosyncratic components specific to foreign trade, and exogenous transition based on GDP growth as a more direct indicator of the cyclical state of the economy. The results support the proposition that the dynamics of imports are nonlinear. In Belgium, France, Spain, and the United Kingdom, regimes change over the business cycle, while in Germany and Italy the switch between regimes is endogenous. National characteristics play a role in defining the position of extreme regimes, the smoothness of the transition, and local dynamics within each state.Previous versions of this article have been presented at the 57th International Atlantic Economic Conference (Lisbon, Portugal, March 10–14, 2004) and at the VII Encuentro de Economía Aplicada (Vigo, Spain, June 3–5, 2004). The authors thank the conference participants and an anonymous referee for their comments. 相似文献
37.
38.
Juan Carlos Bárcena-ruiz María Begoña Garzón 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,24(2):121-139
The purpose of this paper is tostudy how the choice of environmental standardsby governments is affected by the existence ofwage incomes when firms locations areendogenous. In developed countries labor isunionized, which allows positive wage incomesto arise. Thus, each government has incentivesto persuade firms to locate in its countrysince social welfare depends on suchincomes. But, as pollution damages theenvironment, each government will only try toattract polluting firms to thecountry, to obtain the wage incomes, whenthe valuation of environmental damage showsthat it is low. 相似文献
39.
Over the last decade, the public sector in Mexico experienced substantial fiscal reform, divestiture of public enterprises,
and the elimination of many regulations affecting pay and employment. This study analyzes the changes in the public/private
sector differences in wages during the 1987–1997 period. The results from analyzing microdata from the Encuesta Nacional de
Empleo Urbano show that relative public sector wages increased from 1987 to 1997. Most of the relative wage increase in the
public sector can be explained by increases in the price of skills and by changes in sorting across sectors. The results have
important public policy implications since they suggest that public sector workers earn more and their wages have grown faster
than those of their private sector counterparts. As such, policies contemplating public sector reform should take into account
the effect of these measures on the inter-sectoral income distribution and the overall economic growth.
First version received: April 2000/Final version received: December 2000 相似文献
40.
In this paper we examine a number of issues that arise in investigating labor force dynamics using the Spanish Labor Force
Survey (EPA). These issues are by no means specific to the Spanish case and apply to most European-style labor force surveys.
Our main conclusions may be summarized as follows. First, survey nonresponse cannot be neglected. Second, the EPA tends to
underestimate employment and participation of high-educated young people, and to overestimate those of the low-educated elderly.
Finally, we find little evidence that attrition causes important selection biases in estimating quarterly transition probabilities. 相似文献