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91.
Rainer Schweickert Inna Melnykovska Ansgar Belke Ingo Bordon 《Economics of Transition》2011,19(4):667-692
This article quantifies the impact of incentives related to potential membership on institutional change as measured by the World Bank Governance Indicators. Based on a panel of 25 transition countries for the period from 1996 to 2008, we show that pre‐accession incentives provided by EU and NATO clearly matter for institutional development. In addition, path‐dependency determined by cultural norms may be overcome by economic liberalization, while foreign aid hampers institutional development. 相似文献
92.
Recent studies have shown that non-tariff barriers (NTBs) may significantly affect the pattern of international trade, and it follows that they may have substantial bearing on trade preferences for developing countries as well. The a priori impact of NTBs and related empirical studies on the subjcct, as well as the theoretical effects of the generalized preferences, are discussed briefly. The study goes on to explore the pattern of non-tariff distortions among the developed marketeconomy countries (DMECs) in the form of product frequency-of-application distributions, and relates them to the corresponding profiles of national and regional preference offers. In addition to indicating the sensitivity of various industrial sectors to the possibility of preferences-induced market disruption, the paper focuses on the degree of commonality of NTB profiles and the pattern of preference offers. A great deal of correspondence is found in the product-distributions of both NTB and preference patterns, although there is virtually no evidence that the same product groups heavily subject to NTBs also tend to be incorporated in the preference offers. This however does not preclude the possibility of serious NTB-neutralization of preferences applied to individual manufactured and semi-manufactured products, nor does it deny the likelihood that built-in safeguard mechanisms attending individual preference offers may lead to significant uncertainty-induced trade distortions. 相似文献
93.
Thomas Hutzschenreuter Ingo Kleindienst Claas Greger 《Managerial and Decision Economics》2018,39(4):462-474
Why do successor CEOs divest those organizational units that they divest shortly after taking office? In order to contribute to this question, we take a behavioral perspective and develop a theoretical framework that draws on pioneering work in social psychology, in particular, research on individuals' need for distinctiveness and argue that demographic similarity to their CEO predecessors may evoke negative affect as it threatens CEO successors' need for distinctiveness. Assuming that CEOs are high need for distinctiveness individuals, we argue that negative emotions associated with similarity to their CEO predecessors are likely to force CEO successors to engage in behavioral coping strategies aimed at restoring a sense of distinctiveness. In particular, we predict and empirically observe that demographic similarity increases the likelihood that in their pursuit of distinctiveness, CEO successors deliberately divest specific organizational units, namely, those that their CEO predecessors had invested in. 相似文献
94.
95.
Ingo Walter 《Journal of Banking & Finance》1983,7(4):597-609
This paper deals with barriers to trade in services. More specifically, the paper deals with competition and its absence in the provision of international intermediation services by banks. Section 2 of the paper examines the substitutability of international trade and FDI (foreign direct investment) in the services sector as a basis for international competition. It also considers the overlap between commercial policy measures and regulations governing the entry and operations of foreign affiliates. Section 3 describes the types of restrictions imposed on foreign banks and evaluates their effects. Existing practices in some countries are outlined in the fourth section. The countries are the U.S., the U.K., Switzerland, Australia, Brazil and Taiwan. Section 5 evaluates competitive conditions in offshore banking centers, and compares them with conditions in onshore markets. The last section evaluates the costs and the benefits of an ‘open’ (free-trade) banking system. Such a system will tend to improve world welfare as well as the welfare of those countries who have a comparative advantage in international banking. The results are not clear with regard to the countries who have a comparative disadvantage in banking. 相似文献
96.
97.
Within the development goal for the use of renewable energies in the EU, after the publishing of the directive proposal from the European Commission on January 23, an intensive discussion is taking place as to if and how the trade of green electricity certificates should occur. A motion from the opposition in the Bundestag explicitly asks to favour the proposal. Recently the opinion of the EU parliament was submitted that proposes numerous changes. The present article leaves the discussion of details about the possible organization of such a system and analyses the impacts of a green electricity certificate trade with emission targets on state level. It is shown that with the currently discussed conditions the Member States have few incentives to buy green electricity certificates as the overall costs to fulfil the emission and green electricity targets could rise. The national fulfilment of green electricity targets could therefore be cheaper in an overall view. However, it is unclear if such plans are compatible with the rules of the EU internal market. Therefore there could be “forced losers” among EU member states. 相似文献
98.
We present an ordinal method for studying persistence in firm profitability. The method is based on the degree of stability in a ranked performance distribution over time. The method gives a numerical index of rank friction (Rf) that can be applied to any ranked data over any period of time. Rf is nonparametric and can be used to test theoretical assumptions in strategic management. We illustrate the method in an empirical study of 40 years of profit data in 12 industries. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
99.
100.
Ingo Bode 《Public Management Review》2017,19(4):501-517
Worldwide, public service-providing organizations confront regulatory hybridization. While their societal mission persists, they are expected to become more business-like. Drawing on theory concerned with institutional complexity and ambivalence in organizations, this article illuminates the case of German acute care hospitals. We depict the emergence of market orientation in this industry, its structural impact and major sensemaking patterns at the site level. In our multiple case study, we find ‘organized ambivalence’ shaping the institutional context and affecting the undertakings’ internal life. Thus, regulatory hybridization tends to create certain traps – which challenges ideas according to which it helps improve public management. 相似文献