全文获取类型
收费全文 | 52344篇 |
免费 | 1322篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 9812篇 |
工业经济 | 3928篇 |
计划管理 | 8798篇 |
经济学 | 11571篇 |
综合类 | 692篇 |
运输经济 | 333篇 |
旅游经济 | 899篇 |
贸易经济 | 8526篇 |
农业经济 | 2509篇 |
经济概况 | 6507篇 |
信息产业经济 | 2篇 |
邮电经济 | 102篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 322篇 |
2020年 | 578篇 |
2019年 | 771篇 |
2018年 | 1055篇 |
2017年 | 1104篇 |
2016年 | 1013篇 |
2015年 | 746篇 |
2014年 | 1128篇 |
2013年 | 5220篇 |
2012年 | 1428篇 |
2011年 | 1575篇 |
2010年 | 1365篇 |
2009年 | 1527篇 |
2008年 | 1578篇 |
2007年 | 1434篇 |
2006年 | 1298篇 |
2005年 | 1160篇 |
2004年 | 1132篇 |
2003年 | 1128篇 |
2002年 | 1078篇 |
2001年 | 1050篇 |
2000年 | 1079篇 |
1999年 | 973篇 |
1998年 | 972篇 |
1997年 | 944篇 |
1996年 | 920篇 |
1995年 | 831篇 |
1994年 | 877篇 |
1993年 | 908篇 |
1992年 | 877篇 |
1991年 | 898篇 |
1990年 | 787篇 |
1989年 | 670篇 |
1988年 | 635篇 |
1987年 | 658篇 |
1986年 | 676篇 |
1985年 | 977篇 |
1984年 | 955篇 |
1983年 | 946篇 |
1982年 | 888篇 |
1981年 | 815篇 |
1980年 | 739篇 |
1979年 | 764篇 |
1978年 | 641篇 |
1977年 | 579篇 |
1976年 | 490篇 |
1975年 | 470篇 |
1974年 | 419篇 |
1973年 | 399篇 |
1972年 | 301篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
41.
Public pension burdens in most emerging Asian economies are still relatively small. However, there are a number of reasons to believe that they will increase markedly in the coming years. First, many Asian economies will face rapidly ageing populations, which will raise pension and other old‐age‐related spending dramatically. Second, as economies develop, political pressures to expand the coverage of public pensions and raise pension benefits will likely increase. The first objective of this paper is to identify the potential fiscal burden of public pensions in 23 emerging Asian economies, based on econometric models and forecasts of GDP and demographic trends. Using two different methodologies yields estimated increases in the average share of public pension expenditures in GDP of 1.0 percentage point and 3.6 percentage points by 2030 compared with current levels. We believe the latter estimate is more realistic. The second objective is to recommend policies to provide adequate funding for public pension needs, including enhancing the efficiency of social insurance programs, improving the balance of revenues and expenditures, implementing more explicit fiscal rules and frameworks, and establishing stronger fiscal surveillance at the national and regional levels. 相似文献
42.
Small Business Economics - The human personality predicts a wide range of activities and occupational choices—from musical sophistication to entrepreneurial careers. However, which method... 相似文献
43.
44.
Servitization requires an important strategic shift to drive changes in the operations of manufacturing firms. Using a large-scale survey, the purpose of this paper is (1) to build and validate an operations strategy model of servitization confirming previous case study findings on servitization as a strategic action and (2) to explore the role of sustainability pressures in, and the sustainability performance effects of, pursuing service-based operations strategies. To reach these objectives, a dataset including the responses of 735 manufacturing plants from 21 different countries is analyzed using the PLS-SEM method. The results indicate that the sustainability pressures of stakeholders can push manufacturers to adopt a service-based operations strategy, materializing in the provision of both basic (product-oriented) and advanced (customer-oriented) services (BAS and ADS). Our analysis further indicates that while offering BAS is a precondition for ADS provision, only ADS can offer a competitive edge for manufacturers, both in terms of service and sustainability-related operational performance. 相似文献
45.
Exploring the Intensive and Extensive Margins of World Trade 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
World trade evolves at two margins. Where a bilateral trading relationship already exists it may increase through time (intensive
margin). But trade may also increase if a trading bilateral relationship is newly established between countries that have
not traded with each other in the past (extensive margin). We provide an empirical dissection of post–World War II growth
in manufacturing world trade along these two margins. We propose a “corner-solutions version” of the gravity model to explain
movements on both margins. A Tobit estimation of this model resolves the so-called “distance puzzle”. It also finds more convincing
evidence than recent literature that WTO-membership enhances trade.
JEL no. F12, F15 相似文献
46.
47.
We argue that charismatic leadership can influence external support for the organization, particularly in making the company more attractive to outside investors. Two studies were conducted to test this general hypothesis. First, an archival study demonstrated that the stock of companies headed by charismatic leaders appreciated more than the stock of comparable companies, even after differences in corporate performance were controlled. It was also found that the effect of charismatic leadership was heightened under more difficult economic conditions. Second, an experiment was conducted in which the salience of charismatic leadership was manipulated, along with information about the prospects for an organization's turnaround. Results showed that appeals from a charismatic leader led to increased investment in the firm, and the leader's influence was greater when the prospects for an organizational turnaround were more difficult. It was also found that an endowment of stock enhanced the influence of charismatic appeals and that charismatic leadership may have affected the general risk propensities of followers. These findings were interpreted in terms of an external perspective on leadership, illustrating how leaders can manage the firm's economic and social environment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
48.
This study explores relationships between race, gender, agreeableness, openness to experience, contact, and a measure of attitudes toward diversity—universal‐diverse orientation (UDO). UDO consists of three attitudinal components: realistic appreciation (a cognition), comfort with difference (a feeling), and diversity of contact (a behavior). Results suggest that race, agreeableness, and openness relate to UDO attitudes, primarily due to the relationships of these variables with the behavioral component—diversity of contact. Identifying characteristics of tolerant people (e.g., agreeableness) and training managers in skills related to those characteristics may improve contextual performance and make managers better role models within the organizational context. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
49.
Germano Mwabu Mwangi S. Kimenyi Paul K. Kimalu Nancy Nafula Damiano Kulundu Manda 《Revue africaine de developpement》2003,15(1):77-85
Household surveys provide data that is used for identifying and measuring the poverty status of households and individuals. However, carrying out such surveys is expensive, especially in poor developing countries. Thus it is important to make maximum use of the available survey data in developing countries, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa, where such data are expensive to collect and analyse. This paper develops a simple method for using poverty indices derived from survey data for a given year, to predict poverty rates for subsequent periods without having to conduct a new household survey. We illustrate the workings of the method with data from Kenyan household surveys for 1994 and 1997. 相似文献
50.
Alexandra L. Minicozzi 《Journal of Applied Econometrics》2003,18(3):291-314
Based on intergenerational data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I provide estimates of income mobility across generations for men. Special attention is paid to issues of censoring caused by a son's unemployment. Employing non‐parametric bounds estimates, I illustrate that previous income mobility estimates rely heavily on (unjustified) assumptions of exogenous selection. Assuming a son's potential income is instead a function of his reason for unemployment and work history, I re‐estimate mobility. Allowing for sampling variability, the range of feasible slopes consistent with these modified bounds restrictions is 0.27 to 0.55. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献