A new class of production functions and an argument against purely labor‐augmenting technical change

This paper derives the macro‐level production function from idea‐based microfoundations. Labor‐augmenting and capital‐augmenting developments are assumed to be Pareto‐distributed and mutually dependent. Using the Clayton copula family to capture this dependence, a new “Clayton–Pareto” class of production functions is derived that nests both the Cobb–Douglas and the constant elasticity of substitution. In the most general case, technical change is not purely labor‐augmenting over the long run, but it augments both capital and labor. Under certain parametrizations, the derived elasticity of substitution between capital and labor exceeds unity and, therefore, gives rise to long‐run endogenous growth.     

The effects of risk preferences in mixed-strategy equilibria of games

We consider the effects of risk preferences in mixed-strategy equilibria of 2×2 games, provided such equilibria exist. We identify sufficient conditions under which the expected payoff in the mixed equilibrium increases or decreases with the degree of risk aversion. We find that (at least moderate degrees of) risk aversion will frequently be beneficial in mixed equilibria.     

Causes of recurrent unemployment—An empirical analysis

Zusammenfassung Die Determinanten erneuter Betroffenheit von Arbeitslosigkeit werden mittels Individualdaten für einen lokalen Arbeitsmarkt über einen Zeitraum von rund drei Jahren untersucht. Dazu wird ein Probit-Modell mit persönlichen Charakteristika der ehemals Arbeitslosen, der individuellen Arbeitsmarktbiographie im Anschluß an Arbeitslosigkeit, einem Arbeitsmarktindikator und der Arbeitslosenunterstützung als erklärenden Variablen spezifiziert. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit erneuter Betroffenheit von Arbeitslosigkeit hängt primär von bestimmten persönlichen Merkmalen ab. Das Verhältnis der Zahl der Arbeitslosen zur Zahl der offenen Stellen auf berufsspezifischen Teilarbeitsmärkten (Stellenandrangszahl) hat nur einen geringen Effekt, die vergangene Arbeitsmarktbiographie übt nur bei den Männern einen statistisch signifikanten Effekt aus. Der Einfluß der Arbeitslosenunterstützung ist weder bei den Männern noch bei den Frauen statistisch signifikant.

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I wish to thank G. Flaig, G. Licht, J. Zweimüller, and an anonymous referee for helpful suggestions. Support from the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung is gratefully acknowledged. The usual caveats apply.     

Beyond the Linearity Critique: The Knife-edge Assumption of Steady-state Growth

The “linearity critique” of endogenous growth models is presented in a general context of an arbitrary growth model and reassessed. It is argued that presence of linearities is not a valid criterion for rejecting growth models. Existence of exponential/geometrical steady-state growth (i.e. of a balanced growth path with strictly positive growth rates) necessarily requires some knife-edge condition which is not satisfied by typical parameter values. Hence, balanced growth paths are fragile and sensitive to smallest disturbances in parameter values. Adding higher order differential/difference equations to a model does not change the knife-edge character of steady-state growth.     

Real Exchange Rate Forecasting and PPP: This Time the Random Walk Loses

This paper brings four new insights into the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) debate. First, we show that a half-life PPP (HL) model is able to forecast real exchange rates better than the random walk (RW) model at both short and long-term horizons. Second, we find that this result holds if the speed of adjustment to the sample mean is calibrated at reasonable values rather than estimated. Third, we find that it is preferable to calibrate, rather than to elicit as a prior, the parameter determining the speed of adjustment to PPP. Fourth, for most currencies in our sample, the HL model outperforms the RW also in terms of nominal exchange rate forecasting.     

Poland's Accession to the European Union: Demand for Protection of Selected Sensitive Products

This paper analyses the expected changes in external tariffs and imports in Poland after accession to the European Union. We find that around 14% of all manufacturing commodity groups in the Harmonised System will experience tariff reductions of over 10 percentage points, while for agricultural goods tariff comparisons are complicated by very different tariff systems and may be overrated, since applied tariffs are often lower than those legislated. Based on gravity estimates we also find onlly few relatively narrowly defined commodities will experience import growth rates of above 20%. More widely defined sensitive commodities are subject to much smaller but still important import growth     

Bank Capital and Liquidity Creation: Granger-Causality Evidence

We examine the relation between capital and liquidity creation. This issue is interesting because of the potential impact on liquidity creation from tighter capital requirements such as those in Basel III. We perform Granger-causality tests in a dynamic GMM panel estimator framework on an exhaustive data set of Czech banks, which mainly includes small banks from 2000 to 2010. We observe a strong expansion in liquidity creation until the financial crisis that was mainly driven by large banks. We show that capital negatively Granger-causes liquidity creation in this industry, where majority of banks are small. But we also observe that liquidity creation Granger-causes a reduction in capital. These findings support the view that Basel III can reduce liquidity creation, but also that greater liquidity creation can reduce banks’ solvency. Thus, we show that this reverse causality generates a trade-off between the benefits of financial stability induced by stronger capital requirements and the benefits of increased liquidity creation.     

Foucault,Weber and the history of the economic subject

Abstract

The present paper begins with a presentation of Foucault's lectures on economic issues. Departing from his previous views on government, Foucault offered a new approach to eighteenth-century liberalism and neo-liberalism, interpreting these political theories in terms of what he called biopolitics. Then the paper endeavours to demonstrate that the line of reasoning pursued by Foucault coincides with that found in Weber's sociology of religion. In as much as Weber studies the relation between the religious and the economic, the paper draws a parallel between the Weberian concept of ‘life conduct’ and the concept of ‘technique of the self’ advanced by Foucault in order to study the moral foundation of the economic agent.     

THE CORPORATE SELL-OFF DECISION OF DIVERSIFIED FIRMS

In this paper I explore the determinants of the corporate sell-off decision of diversified firms during the 1980s. The literature on sell-offs suggests performance, debt, number of operating segments, and level of ownership by officers and directors may play a role in the decision by firms to sell off assets. Empirical results show the probability of a sell-off is significantly negatively related to firm performance, significantly positively related to debt, significantly positively related to the number of business segments, and significantly negatively related to the level of officer and director ownership.