全文获取类型
收费全文 | 54483篇 |
免费 | 991篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 10024篇 |
工业经济 | 3624篇 |
计划管理 | 8769篇 |
经济学 | 12100篇 |
综合类 | 903篇 |
运输经济 | 258篇 |
旅游经济 | 604篇 |
贸易经济 | 10416篇 |
农业经济 | 1822篇 |
经济概况 | 6273篇 |
信息产业经济 | 47篇 |
邮电经济 | 635篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 235篇 |
2020年 | 462篇 |
2019年 | 633篇 |
2018年 | 3023篇 |
2017年 | 2812篇 |
2016年 | 1987篇 |
2015年 | 627篇 |
2014年 | 943篇 |
2013年 | 4013篇 |
2012年 | 1495篇 |
2011年 | 3034篇 |
2010年 | 2753篇 |
2009年 | 2591篇 |
2008年 | 2504篇 |
2007年 | 2750篇 |
2006年 | 940篇 |
2005年 | 1139篇 |
2004年 | 1230篇 |
2003年 | 1354篇 |
2002年 | 998篇 |
2001年 | 813篇 |
2000年 | 875篇 |
1999年 | 759篇 |
1998年 | 760篇 |
1997年 | 719篇 |
1996年 | 650篇 |
1995年 | 638篇 |
1994年 | 617篇 |
1993年 | 622篇 |
1992年 | 668篇 |
1991年 | 667篇 |
1990年 | 585篇 |
1989年 | 513篇 |
1988年 | 439篇 |
1987年 | 453篇 |
1986年 | 497篇 |
1985年 | 691篇 |
1984年 | 667篇 |
1983年 | 647篇 |
1982年 | 589篇 |
1981年 | 591篇 |
1980年 | 522篇 |
1979年 | 543篇 |
1978年 | 488篇 |
1977年 | 436篇 |
1976年 | 422篇 |
1975年 | 398篇 |
1974年 | 348篇 |
1973年 | 314篇 |
1972年 | 248篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
971.
Arbitration is increasingly employed to resolve disputes. Two arbitration mechanisms, conventional arbitration (CA) and final-offer
arbitration (FOA) are commonly utilized, but previous theoretical and empirical research has found that they are unsatisfactory.
Several alternative mechanisms have been proposed, but ultimately laboratory research has found that they do not offer an
improvement. An exception is amended final-offer arbitration (AFOA), which not only has desirable theoretical properties but
also has been demonstrated to outperform FOA in the laboratory. This study provides a direct laboratory comparison of AFOA
with CA. Also, by utilizing an environment with an uncertain payoff to one of the parties, this study tests the robustness
of AFOA’s performance relative to FOA. The results indicate that AFOA does outperform FOA, but that AFOA is only weakly better
than CA.
JEL Classification C7, C9, J5, K4 相似文献
972.
We propose an empirical commodity market model with heterogeneous speculators. While the power of trend-extrapolating chartists
is constant over time, the symmetric impact of stabilizing fundamentalists adjusts endogenously according to market circumstances:
Using monthly data for various commodities such as cotton, sugar or zinc, our STAR–GARCH model indicates that their influence
positively depends on the distance between the commodity price and its long-run equilibrium value. Fundamentalists seem to
become more and more convinced that mean reversion will set in as the mispricing enlarges. Commodity price cycles may thus
emerge due to the nonlinear interplay between different trader types.
The paper represents the authors’ personal opinion and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Deutsche Bundesbank. 相似文献
973.
Beniamina Buzzo Margari Fabrizio Erbetta Carmelo Petraglia Massimiliano Piacenza 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2007,32(2):131-151
This paper assesses the impact of regulatory and environmental factors and statistical noise on the efficiency of public transit
systems within a DEA-based framework. Using a panel of Italian companies, we implement a DEA-SFA mixed approach based on [H.O.
Fried et al. (2002) Journal of Productivity Analysis, 17(1–2), 157–174] to decompose DEA inefficiency measures into three components: exogenous effects, managerial inefficiency and
stochastic events. Besides providing evidence on the determinants of input-specific efficiency differentials across companies,
the results point out that managerial skills play a minor role, and emphasize the relevance of regulatory policies aimed at
replacing cost-plus subsidization with high-powered incentive contracts as well as improving environmental conditions of public
transit networks.
相似文献
974.
This article examines the problem of kidney shortages for transplant in the United States. Following a study by Kaserman and Barnett, we reexamine the viability of allowing a market for cadaveric kidneys and estimate the implied equilibrium price based on our survey responses. In sharp contrast to the findings of Kaserman and Barnett, we estimate that a market equilibrium price for cadaveric kidneys may be prohibitively high. Consequently, we support other policy alternatives to increase supply, particularly presumed consent and mandated choice. Our findings also highlight the importance of obtaining data through experiments, rather than a survey, to estimate the impact of financial incentives. ( JEL I18, I12, I00) 相似文献
975.
This study examines the magnitude and determinants of the establishment-size wage premium in five European countries using a unique harmonised matched employer–employee data set (the 1995 European Structure of Earnings Survey). This data set enables to test the validity of various traditional explanations of the size wage gap (i.e. the labour quality hypothesis, the theory of compensating wage differentials, the role of monitoring and institutions) and of more recent hypotheses (i.e. size differences in job stability and in the concentration of skilled workers). We find some support for traditional explanations, but there remains a significant wage premium for workers employed in large establishments. Further results indicate that the magnitude of this premium fluctuates substantially across countries and appears to be negatively correlated with the degree of corporatism. 相似文献
976.
Recently various exchange rate models capturing the dynamics during the transition from an exchange rate arrangement of floating
rates into a currency union have been derived. Technically, these stochastic equilibrium models are diffusion processes which
have to be estimated by discretely sampled observations. Using daily exchange rate data prior to the Greek EMU-entrance on
1 January 2001, we develop a rigorous estimation procedure. Our estimates point to an increasing interventionist economic
policy in the run-up to the Greek EMU entrance. A comparison of this econometric indication with policy information provided
(ex-post) by the Bank of Greece (BoG) in its Annual Report 2000 reveals that the BoG indeed pursued such an active policy
stance (so-called institutional frontloading strategies).
相似文献
977.
Kenneth S. ChanY.Stephen Chiu 《European Economic Review》2002,46(2):397-416
This paper extends the work by Morris and Shin (Am. Econom. Rev. 88 (1998) 587-597) where multiple equilibria in the self-fulfilling currency attack models can be reduced to a unique equilibrium when agents observe fundamentals privately with small errors. We find that under a more general specification with realistic parameters, noisy private observations are generally insufficient to prevent the multiplicity of equilibria. The pivotal role played by the transparency of fundamentals/policies in currency crisis is also examined. Surprisingly, transparency may trigger rather than eliminate currency crises when fundamentals are relatively healthy. Our results may be relevant to research in other coordination problems. 相似文献
978.
Handa S 《Journal of development economics》1996,50(1):165-187
This paper presents an analysis on the expenditure behavior and children's welfare among female-headed households in Jamaica. Included in the examination of household composition are the demographic effects, endogeneity of total expenditure, the headship variable and the endogeneity of family structure. Using the 1989 Jamaican Survey of Living Conditions (SLC), expenditure estimation on over 100 goods for 3500 household was examined. This study utilized the Ordinary Least Square estimates, 2 SLC and endogeneity tests, and partnered and unpartnered household heads. Results for the demand for preventive health care were significant among older children in female-headed households, with a 4% increase in the probability of a check-up across all ages. This study presents a partial explanation of lower morbidity rates in female-headed households despite lower budget and total per capita expenditure levels. In conclusion, this study confirms the significant influence of sex and union status of the household head on household expenditure behaviors with implications for individual household members, with more positive outcomes among children despite differences in budget allocation and lower health expenditures. 相似文献
979.
Rao VV Shantakumar G 《The Malayan economic review : the journal of the Economic Society of Singapore, the Department of Economics and Statistics and the Economic Research Centre of the University of Singapore》1972,17(2):16-24
The suitability of age-specific birth proportions (ASBP), or percentage distribution of births, as a rough and ready index of fertility change was analyzed by establishing a theoretical framework for its limitations and uses. The discussion suggested that the utility of ASBP as an indicator of fertility change depends on the characteristics and behavior of the population being considered. The concept was then empirically applied to birth trends in Japan and Singapore for 2 different time periods. Analysis suggested that ASBP trends in Japan reflected changes in age-specific fertility rates relative to general fertility rate as well as trends in parity distribution. The Singapore analysis was more complicated, raising different issues. As very limited empirical work has been done on ASBPs, the utility of ASBPs as an indicator of fertility change cannot be definitely ascertained. It was suggested however that ASBP trends may be applicable in countries where the age distribution of fertile-aged women is fairly stable. More empirical research should be done on ASBP trends in other countries, the behavior of A matrix as discussed in this paper, and useful empirical relationship of ASBP with other fertility measures. 相似文献
980.
An Empirical Look at Software Patents 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
Software patents have grown rapidly in number and now comprise 15% of all patents. They are acquired primarily by large manufacturing firms in industries known for strategic patenting; only 5% belong to software publishers. The very large increase in software patent propensity over time is not adequately explained by changes in R&D investments, employment of computer programmers, or productivity growth. The residual increase in software patent propensity is consistent with a sizeable increase in the cost effectiveness of software patents during the 1990s, perhaps arising from changes in the application of patent law to computer software. 相似文献