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841.
Accountability is the cornerstone of Governmental Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GGAAP) in the United States according to the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB). This paper analyzes the implications of alternative definitions of the concept of accountability for GGAAP and for GASB. It also discusses the costs and benefits of accountability information, the effect of diverse users of governmental reports, and alternative mechanisms for achieving accountability in governments. Finally, a governmental accounting research agenda based on accountability is proposed for the future. 相似文献
842.
James E. Payne 《Journal of Economics and Finance》1992,16(1):103-114
In this paper the author empirically examines the effects of both money growth and interest rate volatility measures upon
the demand for real balances. The findings of this study suggest that both money growth and interest rate volatility measures
are statistically insignificant. However, evidence suggests a structural shift in the demand for money in the post-1979 period.
Moreover, there is a noticeable change in the speed of adjustment moving from actual to desired real balances with the adjustment
coefficient in the post-1979 period increasing roughly in magnitude nine and half, times the adjustment coefficient in the
pre-1979 period. 相似文献
843.
This study addresses the little analyzed Japanese consumer demand for seafood. A demand system approach is used to analyze demand for a group of seafood products that make up the representative household's total expenditures on seafood for at-home consumption. The linear approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (U/AIDS) is applied to monthly data from 1980 through 1989 on the demand for seafood for three representative households: the average Japanese household, northern Japanese household, and southern Japanese household. Estimation results highlight effects of seasonality on demand for various seafood products; how seasonality effects defer by region; and differences in demand elasticities for seafood products both during the marketing year and across regions. Results from the analysis of the nationally representative household are contrasted with results from regionally representative house-holds to determine implications of viewing Japan as a single, homogeneous market. 相似文献
844.
James R. Coakley Carol E. Brown 《International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management》1993,2(1):19-39
Experts claim that artificial neural network (ANN) technology can outperform standard statistical methods when applied to examine actual financial data. Researchers have used ANNs to analyze bankruptcy prediction, bond rating and the going-concern problem. Financial firms have employed ANNs commercially to predict commercial bank failures, detect credit card fraud and verify signatures. For accounting and auditing problems, however, application of ANN technology has been limited. Preliminary experiments tested whether an ANN offered improved performance in recognizing material misstatements during the analytical review process of auditing. Four years of audited financial data from a medium-sized distributor were input as data streams to calibrate the ANN across fifteen financial accounts. Researchers compared a presumed lack of actual errors and certain seeded material errors with signals from the ANN analytical review process to evaluate performance. Results were compared to analyses where financial ratios and regression methods were employed as analytical review techniques. Results tentatively suggest that the ANN method recognized patterns within financial accounts more effectively than did financial ratio and regression methods. ANNs applied as a forecasting tool seem useful for identifying patterns that can indicate potential investigations of a firm's unaudited financial data in the current year. 相似文献
845.
James Obben 《Agricultural Economics》1993,8(3):243-263
Using the multi-product translog cost function, this paper examines the cost structure and technical change occurring within the novel Ghanaian rural banks. The results of the seemingly unrelated error components model indicate substantial unexploited economies of scale in individual products as well as in overall intermediation. There is presence of pairwise complementarity between loans and government securities and between deposits and government securities, but absence of pairwise complementarity between loans and deposits. Overall, capital-using and labour-saving technical change has occurred but efficiency loss in deposit mobilization outweighs the efficiency gains in government securities and lending activities; operation of agencies reinforces the overall efficiency loss. The rural banks must not be hindered from expanding, but in any growth strategy deposit mobilization should take a central position and the cost of operating agencies watched closely. 相似文献
846.
William F. Messier James V. Hansen 《International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management》1992,1(3):173-185
This paper reports on the continued evaluation of EDP-XPERT, and expert system for assisting Computer Audit Specialists (CASs) in evaluating the reliability of EDP controls in advanced computer environments. The current evaluation of the system involved four phases. First, Senior CASs used the system on two case studies. Second, it was then used by the Senior CASs to evaluate recently completed audits. Third, a sensitivity analysis of the system's output was conducted. Fourth, the knowledge base was reprogrammed into another expert system shell and the Senior CASs' responses on the two cases and the audits were re-run. The results indicated that EDP-XPERT performed well on the case studies but that performance declined on the audits. The sensitivity analysis showed that EDP-XPERT's conclusions were affected by moderate perturbations of the CASs' input judgments. Finally, reprogramming the knowledge base into a more flexible expert system shell substantially improved the performance of the system's judgements. 相似文献
847.
The ability to cope effectively with job-related stress may be important if salespeople are to perform effectively. Therefore,
the specific nature of the coping tactics used by salespeople to deal with job-related stress and the use of certain coping
strategies associated with sales presentation effectiveness of salespeople were investigated. Data provided by salespeople
from three organizations were used to assess the degree to which specific coping strategies were related to sales presentation
effectiveness.
Before entering academe, Dr. Strutton was in sales with the Tenneco Corporation and was president of a retailing firm in North
Carolina. His research has been published in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Advertising Research, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Macromarketing, andJournal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, among other scholarly journals. Dr. Strutton’s current research interests include issues relating to sales and channels
management.
He has a B.S. in chemistry and an M.B.A. in management and received his Ph.D. in marketing from the University of Arkansas.
Before entering academe, Dr. Lumpkin worked in marketing research for Phillips Petroleum Company. His primary research interests
include retail patronage theory, market segmentation, and research methodology, with recent research focused on the elderly
consumer. His research has been published in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Retailing, Journal of Business Research, The Gerontologist, Journal
of Advertising, Journal of Advertising Research, and other scholarly journals. 相似文献
848.
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