Pitfalls and opportunities for environmental marketers

Issues such as global warming, ozone depletion, insufficient landfill capacity, and excess packaging are foremost on the minds of consumers. Companies face a myriad of environmental challenges, but they also recognize the opportunities to be gained by implementing responsible marketing action plans.     

对企业价值链数字化管理的探讨

新的竞争环境催生价值链管理一新的管理模式,而价值链管理离不开信息技术的支持。本文探讨了实施价值链数字化管理的意义及实施方案,阐明了企业的实施策略。     

On the scope of hydraulic macroeconomics: Some reflections on Alan Coddington's Keynesian Economics

Summary The questions which Alan Coddington's posthumous bookKeynesian Economics brings to the fore as well as the thought-provoking (rather than fully acceptable) answers it provides make it worthy of being taken up for further analysis and discussion. This review article is intended to be one possible contribution in this respect. It focuses on the way Coddington's book deals with subjectivist approaches in economics and criticises it for going astray in this respect by adopting a mistaken view on the proper method of economics and giving a mistaken interpretation of both Keynesian economics and the economics of Keynes.I am indebted to L. H. Hoogduin, I. M. Kirzner, J. A. Kregel, S. K. Kuipers, J.A.H. Maks, J. Muysken and J. Pen for their valuable comments and discussion on an earlier version of this paper. Of course, they cannot be blamed for any remaining errors.A. Coddington,Keynesian Economics: The Search for First Principles, George Allen and Unwin, London, etc., 1983. Pp. 129. £ 9.95     

Ecology and development

There is an increasing realization, world‐wide and in Southern Africa, that conservation and development are compatible.

Because human communities in the less developed rural areas are dependent on a renewable group of resources, including soil, water and forests, it is imperative that land use systems that protect these resources are introduced.

The predominance of subsistence agriculture in these areas is the most difficult syndrome of under‐development. An overall rural development strategy is required that integrates human development with resources management Where the population carrying capacity of the land has already been exceeded, a process of rapid villagization/urbanization is required. Village/urban growth and agricultural development require a carefully co‐ordinated programme of land capability analysis and planning, as well as active investment in infrastructure and the introduction of appropriate technologies and institutions.     

Health and development∗

The linkage between development and health is clearly spelt out in the definition of primary health care by the World Health Organisation. There is a widespread and growing disillusionment with the traditional Western approach to health care which fails to meet the real demands of the Third World situation.

This paper looks briefly at conditions in the developing world and the strategy proposed by the W H O to attempt to meet the objective of health for all by the year 2000 and refers to the South African situation.     

A model of the Dutch labour market (AMO-K)

Summary So far, the labour market has not received any special attention from macro-econometric model builders. In this article an attempt has been made to describe the labour market in detail, paying attention to such important phenomena as the friction between labour supply and demand, the heterogeneity of labour, the dependence of labour supply on the labour-market situation, the Phillips mechanism and the impact of real wages on labour demand. To make it suitable for policy simulations, the model has been extended to a complete macro-econometric model, taking account of the fact that both labour and capital limit the production possibilities.This paper summarises an extensive Dutch report on the construction of a model for the Netherlands labour market. The title of the original report is AMO-K: Een arbeidsmarktmodel met twee categorieën arbeid; (AMO-K, A labour-market model with two categories of labour) ; it was published by the Netherlands Economic Institute (NEI) in Rotterdam in the so-called Olive Series, 1982-2, pp. 403ff. Some details of the model presented in that report were changed after its publication; see G. den Broeder, AMO-K 81-12, Tussenrapport betreffende de verdere ontwikkeling van het arbeidsmarktmodel (Interim report on the further development of the labourmarket model), Rotterdam, September 1983. Since then, only minor changes have been carried through. The model reproduced in this paper is the modified version. The model was developed within the National Programme of Labour-Market Research (NPAO) (now defunct), the NPAO organisation having granted a commission to the NEI in Rotterdam.