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81.
82.
83.
A proportional decrease in switching costs increases competition and social welfare. However, a lump-sum decrease in switching costs softens competition and does not invariably increase social welfare. 相似文献
84.
International Competition for Multinational Investment 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
We examine the economic justification for providing investment subsidies to foreign-owned multinationals. These provide employment opportunities and generate demand for domestic intermediate inputs, produced by domestic workers with increasing returns to scale. Offering subsidies to multinationals may be in the national interest if the investment raises the net value of domestic production. When agglomerative forces are sufficiently strong, a subsidy that attracts the first foreign firm may induce several to enter, establishing a thriving modern sector. With a limited number of foreign enterprises, countries may compete to attract investment. This subsidy competition transfers much of the rents to the multinationals.
JEL classification: F 12; F 23 相似文献
JEL classification: F 12; F 23 相似文献
85.
Jan Bonenkamp 《De Economist》2009,157(1):49-77
Summary This paper assesses how the Dutch system of occupational pensions redistributes between and within generations. The approach
in this paper deviates from the usual approach by incorporating the full life cycle in the measurements, rather than only
the annual effects. In order to quantify redistribution, we use the level of educational attainment, gender and age to classify
the pension fund population. For all groups distinguished, we measure in present value terms the average net benefit from
participating in occupational pensions. The results indicate a sizable redistribution from males to females and from low educated
to higher educated workers. On a lifetime basis, the impact of intergenerational transfers is modest.
I am grateful to the two anonymous referees, Ed Westerhout, Casper van Ewijk, Lex Meijdam, Yvonne Adema and Peter Kooiman
for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper, and to Andre Nibbelink for his valuable computational assistance. 相似文献
86.
The limited availability of high quality and computer readable data seriously impedes research in history and finance. We introduce a new monthly return series for Belgian owned equity based on Brussels Stock Market data for the period 1832–1914 as an improvement to the popular Drappier index. Over this period, our dataset includes 446,374 prices, 23,976 dividends, 371 stock and reverse splits (or other capital operations) on 2037 stocks of 1387 (foreign and Belgian) companies. Our dataset includes all shares and bonds but also high-quality information on prices, dividends, shares outstanding and market capitalization. In addition, company, country and sector information is available. We construct value weighted, price weighted and equally weighted indices as well as dividend yields. We find three important results. First, total nominal returns hover between 3.29% and 5.35% per annum, depending on how individual stocks are aggregated into the index. Second, dividend income constitutes the major part of total return and dividend distributions have a clear seasonal pattern. Third, the results highlight several drawbacks of the Drappier indices, especially an upward bias in expected equity performance. 相似文献
87.
Ein Fallbeispiel - Frau Schneider erkrankte im Alter von 73 Jahren an einer akuten
myeloischen Leuk?mie (AML). Die eingeleiteten Therapien griffen nicht. Schlie?lich stimmte
sie der Therapiebegrenzung zu. Vor welchen klinischen und normativen Herausforderungen
stand das Behandlungsteam? Welche L?sungsans?tze für das praktische Vorgehen k?nnen
aus diesem Fall geschlussfolgert werden? 相似文献
88.
Jan Niklas Meise 《Marketing Review St. Gallen》2010,27(3):4-7
Schweizer Konsumenten setzen sich sehr kritisch mit Lebensmitteln auseinander und sch?tzen Produkte, die über einen erkennbaren
und relevanten Mehrwert verfügen. Mit einer innovativen Produktpalette an hochwertigen Frischeprodukten ist es Emmi gelungen, im In- und Ausland zu einem führenden
Anbieter von Mehrwertprodukten aufzusteigen. Urs Riedener erkl?rt diesen Mehrwert und wieso Authentizit?t eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung für Glaubwürdigkeit ist. 相似文献
89.
90.
Previous research on the influence of accompanying expatriate spouses has emphasized the negative impact on the business expatriates that could contribute to unsuccessful outcomes of the foreign assignments. But spouses’ influences could also be positive. Applying ethnographic field-work methodology, this study investigated female spouses’ involvement in the career of a sample of Danish business expatriates living in the same compound in Saudi Arabia. Results showed that the accompanying partners were active in trying to support and further their expatriate husbands’ immediate careers and repatriation opportunities by using social strategies, such as creating alliances and establishing social networks with influential others through social contacts and dinner parties. The female trailing partners also tried as a group to influence company decisions regarding working schedules, pay, and holidays. These findings are consistent with recent theoretical developments focusing on positive outcomes of the work–family interface and social capital theory and are in line with empirical research on repatriation and post-assignment careers. 相似文献