国际农业植物新品种保护格局探析及启示——基于WTO-TRIPS/UPOV模式的分析

全面分析WTO《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》下农业植物新品种保护模式:发达国家借TRIPS协议极力推行主要强化商业育种者利益的TRIPS协定下的UPOV保护模式,一些发展中国家则正在寻求一个更适合于本国农业和社会经济环境的植物新品种保护模式,典型的如印度、非洲统一组织以及粮农组织的保护模式。并对由此形成的国际农业植物新品种保护格局进行相关博弈分析,从而提出我国农业植物新品种保护制度发展的相关政策建议。     

Involvement, satisfaction, and brand loyalty in a small business services setting

Considerable resources are expended annually on building business brands, yet the literature is virtually silent on brand loyalty in a business setting. This study examines the relationship between attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty in a business services context, and attempts to identify two key antecedents of loyalty in this context. In particular, little is known about small businesses as customers, despite their significant contribution to the economies of developed nations. A longitudinal design is implemented, and data are captured on both attitudinal loyalty and subsequent loyalty behaviors (i.e., actual purchase behavior). The findings demonstrate the value of conceptualizing and measuring both attitudinal and behavioral components of brand loyalty. Specifically, the results indicate that attitudinal loyalty mediates the effects of the antecedents studied (category involvement and purchase satisfaction) on behavioral loyalty. Implications for marketing theory and practitioners are discussed, and possible directions for future research are sketched.     

Has pass-through to export prices risen? Evidence for Japan

This paper investigates the exchange rate response of Japanese export prices over the period 1980 through 2007 using sector-specific measures of the yen’s value relative to invoicing currencies. It finds a significant increase in the response of total export prices to the yen in the late 1990s. The rise in the total export price response is traced to increases in the exchange rate response of two key export sectors. These findings for Japanese exports are consistent with the documented decline in pass-through to OECD import prices and suggest the latter could originate with changes in export pricing behavior.     

面对“银色浪潮”的选择——浅析低龄老年人力资源的利用与开发

低龄老年人力资源是指60～69岁年龄阶段的老年人,他们是劳动力资源的一部分,是具有劳动能力的,可供整个社会再开发和利用的人力资源的重要组成部分。随着我国老龄化进程的加剧,会对劳动生产率、技术进步、就业结构、国民收入分配、社会保障等方面造成巨大的影响。因此,认真研究     

Expiration-day effects: Does settlement price matter?

We compare the expiration-day effects of two index futures contracts, TAIEX futures and SGX TW futures, which have the same underlying spot market, but different settlement mechanisms. By taking into account other factors such as open interests and institutional traders' activities, we find that the settlement mechanism and traders' structure affect expiration-day effects. In terms of minimizing expiration-day effects, the average price is better than the opening price, which in turn is better than the closing price settlement. Moreover, the results also demonstrate that foreign institutional traders' trading activities increase expiration-day effects.     

Marketing images of gender: A visual analysis

An interpretive method drawing from social psychology, feminist theory and art criticism is developed to analyze contemporary images of gender. Utilizing and expanding upon visual research techniques, a selection of ads from contemporary fashion magazines and catalogs was assembled to illustrate particular themes suggested by research on the representation of gender in advertising. The body‐and what it expresses‐is a site of central concern, and discussion focuses on how female and male bodies are represented in advertising. The conventions of art history, when framed within a social science perspective, offer unique contributions to the study of advertising and gender, well suited for researchers interested in the culture of consumption.     

Internal Innovation,the Hard Core——Analysis to the Steel and iron Overcapacity

For China's iron and steel industry,the problem of over-capacity of production has already appeared years before,but became more and more acute after the global spreading financial crisis.     

Food choice,health information and functional ingredients: An experimental auction employing bread

In this paper we present the results of an experimental auction conducted to examine the influence of health and nutritional information on food choice and in particular estimate consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for bread that contains functional ingredients. Employing a sandwich we find that consumers are WTP more for a whole grain and whole grain granary bread sandwich than other bread types including white bread that contains a functional ingredient. We also find that consumers react positively to the provision of nutritional and health benefit information but that this effect occurs regardless of whether we supply specific or non-specific health benefit information. We discuss information provision and health policy implications that emerge from our analysis for bread products in the sandwich market.