差异化综合防治农作物病害——冬马铃薯晚疫病的药效试验

马铃薯晚疫病(Potato Late Blight)由致病疫霉引起,可导致马铃薯茎叶死亡和块茎腐烂,是一种毁灭性真菌病害。本试验采用7种药剂田间喷施防治马铃薯晚疫病,试验结果表明,68.75%银法利悬浮剂1125g/hm2、26.8%金雷水分散粒剂1225g/hm2和68.75%易保水分散粒剂960g/hm2有较好的防治效果,达到显著或极显著水平;68.75%银法利悬浮剂1125g/hm2、26.8%金雷水分散粒剂1225g/hm2保产效果优以及他处理,生产中尽可能选用68.75%银法利悬浮剂1125g/hm2、26.8%金雷水分散粒剂1225g/hm2二种药剂,也可与68.75%易保水分散粒剂960g/hm2交替轮换使用,达到控制危害、预防抗病性的产生和保产、增产的作用。     

Pharmaceutical High Profits: The Value of R&D,or Oligopolistic Rents?

Pharmaceutical firms attribute high prices and high profits to costs associated with researching and developing the next generation of life-saving drugs. Using data from annual reports, this article tests the validity of this claim. We find that while pharmaceutical firms do invest in R&D, they also enjoy strong rents; between 1988 and 2009, pharmaceuticals enjoyed profits of 3 to 37 times the all-industry average, depending on the years, while investing proportionately less in R&D than other high-R&D firms. Costs of pharmaceutical drugs have successfully flown below the radar in much of the current health care debate, with producers managing to obstruct alternative sourcing as well as payment cuts. While health care is examined for savings in other areas, sustained high pharmaceutical profits suggest that as a new health care policy develops in the U.S., the pharmaceutical industry should not be excluded from examination for significant savings in health care costs.     

To fear or not to fear? Applying the social amplification of risk framework on two environmental health risks in Singapore

Abstract

Smoke haze and dengue fever seasons were nationwide environmental health risk events that plagued Singapore between April and June 2013. Although relatively harmless compared to dengue fever, people in Singapore were visibly more disturbed by smoke haze. They engaged in preventive behaviors such as frantic purchasing of protective masks or staying indoors most of the time. Such reactions hint at the possibility of the social amplification of risk, a term coined to explain irrationally high public concerns over relatively minor risk issues, due to the visible nature of the risk event or people’s reactions to it. The current study aims to confirm the social amplification of risk for the haze event, as well as to test for the underlying reasons behind this phenomenon. Among the antecedents explored were the influence of information channels (traditional media and social media) on risk perception, negative affect, information seeking, and information sharing on the enactment of preventive behaviors. Data were collected from a sample of 343 college students through an online questionnaire. Results supported the presence of social amplification of risk for the haze event, and social media exposure was found to overshadow the influence of traditional media exposure on risk perception, negative affect, information seeking, information sharing, and preventive behaviors.     

我国城市人口全口径统计模型研究

城市人口统计的偏离会造成城市规划和决策的失误,本文提出兼顾地域、职业及生活特征的全口径城市人口统计模型,除常住人口外还纳入符合一定判据的农村户口居民。本文提出包括人均GDP、收入、消费水平三类指标构成的城市人口判据,按东莞等3个市的数据验算结果表明,本方法算出的城市人口比按户籍法统计多30%～50%,比按地域法少15%左右,差异显著,且验算结果与3市实地调查相符。     

外出务工对贫困脆弱性的影响:来自西部山区农户的证据

本文从理论上研究了家庭收入来源的增加对贫困脆弱性的影响,并基于西部山区农户的调查数据对家庭外出务工收入和贫困脆弱性的关系进行了实证分析.研究发现:中国西部山区农户的外出务工收入增加可以降低因农业收入损失所导致的贫困脆弱性,但对因疾病冲击所导致的贫困脆弱性的降低没有影响.本文还发现家庭层面的社会资本可以降低贫困脆弱性,对同质风险冲击所导致的脆弱性也同样有效.     

Market structure and the link between migration and trade

Many recent studies have looked at the impact of international migration on trade and found a significant effect. They posit that migration fosters trade by lowering costs or by means of a preference bias. However, to my knowledge, market structure has not as yet been considered. Using data from Switzerland, this paper empirically assesses the extent to which migration affects trade, taking goods differentiation into account. A monopolistic model with a multisector economy (Chaney in Am Econ Rev 98(41):1707–1721, 2008) is then empirically estimated. The findings show that market structure explains the different channels through which migration affects trade.

An Examination of the Association Between Gender and Reporting Intentions for Fraudulent Financial Reporting

We report the results of a study that examines the association between gender and individuals’ intentions to report fraudulent financial reporting using non-anonymous and anonymous reporting channels. In our experimental study, we examine whether reporting intentions in response to discovering a fraudulent financial reporting act are associated with the participants’ gender, the perpetrator’s gender, and/or the interaction between the participants’ and perpetrator’s gender. We find that female participants’ reporting intentions for an anonymous channel are higher than for male participants; the fraud perpetrator’s gender and the interaction with participants’ gender were not significantly associated with anonymous channel reporting intentions. Neither of the two factors nor the interaction between the two factors was associated with reporting intentions to a non- anonymous reporting channel. Results from an additional analysis indicate that male and female participants differ in the extent to which they judge the reduction in personal costs of an anonymous reporting channel compared to a non-anonymous reporting channel and that the reduction in personal costs mediates the relationship between participant gender and anonymous reporting intentions.     

Financial Crisis Struck, Industrial Personnel Still Well-being？

2008 is an eventful period： the ensuing financial crisis has put the domestic economy to a severe position. The financial sectors are the main impact body of the financial turmoil, because of the crisis the growth rate has slowed down a lot. In addition, the crisis also led to some phenomena took place inside the financial industry staff such as the layoffs and pay cuts.     

基于多因素分析的区域物流需求径向基函数网络预测

对区域物流需求量进行合理、精确地预测,能为政府部门科学制定物流规划、合理配置物流资源提供决策支持和依据。在对影响区域物流需求的多种因素进行全面分析以及物流需求量指标合理选取的基础上,采用径向基函数神经网络构建区域物流需求量的非线性预测模型,并以四川省相关统计数据为基础,对区域物流需求量进行了预测,取得了满意的预测结果。研究表明:该预测模型较全面地反映了区域物流需求量的变化规律,预测精度较高,泛化能力强,预测结果具有较高的可信性。     

Accidental death and the rule of joint and several liability

Most U.S. states have enacted JSL reform, the move from a regime of joint and several liability (JSL) that allows plaintiffs to claim full recovery from any one of multiple defendants to one where defendants are held liable only for the harm they cause. Contrary to previous theoretical work, we show that JSL reform can increase precaution by judgment proof agent by giving “deep pockets” an incentive to reduce their own liability by bringing judgment‐proof agents into court. This result can help explain our empirical findings showing that JSL reform reduces death rates (and hence increase precaution) for many types of accidents. Together, these results highlight the role that litigation costs and judgment‐proof agents play in the functioning of the American tort system.