Strategic stakeholder orientations and performance consequences—a case of private nonprofit performing arts in the US

• This paper borrows a market orientation perspective in considering how organizations behave toward stakeholders and the implications on performance in the institutional performing arts environment. To investigate the relationship between stakeholder orientations and organizational performance, both interviews and a survey instrument were used. Using nonprofit performing arts organizations in three metropolitan areas of Northwestern US as a sample frame, primary data was collected from leading directors of these organizations. The results generally indicate a positive relationship between stakeholder orientation and organizational performance. Complex relationships between dimensions of stakeholder orientation and performance consequences were also observed.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

How Relevant Is Government Championing Behavior in Technology Development?

Many studies emphasize the importance of government support in technology development. However, this study is among the first to provide empirical findings of the relevance of government roles for the performance of technology development projects. Based on earlier research and the strategic management literature, a theoretical model and hypotheses are developed to study the relevance of government roles and project teams' strategic behavior for technology development projects. Our results show that government championship is an important positive factor for the performance of technology development projects. Government championing behavior overcomes regulatory barriers, enthusiastically promotes the technology's advantages, and gets key decision makers involved. As such, government championship has more impact than government financial/technical assistance on both project performance and benefits to customers. The findings also show that both the proactiveness and defensiveness dimensions of project teams' strategic behavior contribute positively to project performance and benefits to customers. The paper concludes with implications for practice: From a policy perspective, government should extend its technology policies by taking on the role as a champion, while companies should invest in building professional relations with champions in government.     

The drivers of customer attractiveness,supplier satisfaction and preferred customer status: A literature review

In this paper, we focus on the preferential treatment of buyers by their suppliers. As there is a lack of detailed information regarding the reasons that suppliers serve some buyers better than others, our research addresses a supplier's evaluation of customers and how this evaluation can be influenced by buyers. To give an overview of the drivers of preferential treatment by suppliers, the provided literature review covers three research fields that are considered crucial to this issue: (i) customer attractiveness, (ii) supplier satisfaction and (iii) preferred customer status. By integrating these research topics, we provide a state-of-the-art analysis and overview of the various drivers of preferential treatment, build a preliminary conceptual model and suggest several directions for future research. The identification of the drivers and the resulting conceptual framework can serve as a stepping stone for additional research in this new field.     

The real price of parking policy

This paper is the first to empirically examine the residents’ willingness to pay for on-street parking permits as well as the cost of cruising using an identification methodology based on house prices for Amsterdam. The residents’ cost of cruising is about €1 per day. The residents’ willingness to pay for a parking permit is about €10 per day.     

Return seasonality in stocks and their underlying assets: tax-loss selling versus information explanations

Results of tests contrasting tax-loss selling with intertemporalinformation variation as explanations of the January seasonalin stock returns are reported. Closed-end fund shared displaythe typical size-related January seasonal while their net assetvalues do not. Interpreting the net asset value return as aproxy for information about under-lying assets, this resultindicates information variation is not a necessary conditionfor the January effect in stocks. The share returns at the turnof the year are negatively related to their mean preceding yearreturns and positively related to the standard deviations oftheir preceding year returns. These results are consistent withtax-loss selling.     

成本-效果分析中药物成本测量的良好研究规范:社会角度——ISPOR药物成本工作组报告之二

目的:进行成本-效果分析(Cost-effectiveness Analysis,CEA)时,为保证评价的一致性和可比性,多数涉及到CEA的指南均建议使用应用普遍、广泛的社会角度。作为工作组的子报告[来自成本-效果分析中药物成本测量的良好研究规范(ISPOR药物成本工作组;Drug Cost Task Force,DCTF)的六份报告之一],本文旨在回顾社会角度的定义,评估其在成本测量中的特定应用,识别其在理论和实践中的局限性,并就潜在的改进提出建议。方法:对有关方法学介绍的重要文献、书籍与报告进行全面的回顾、总结,并整合成为综述及报告草案。将报告草案寄送至ISPOR并由ISPOR成员审阅和评论。根据接收到的大量评论和建议,对报告草案进行相应修订。结果:可从以下三方面对社会角度进行界定:(1)时间成本的纳入;(2)机会成本的使用;(3)集体偏好。实际上虽然许多已公开发表的CEA声称使用了社会角度,但即使有也只有很少部分CEA能够满足上述所有条件。品牌药的成本多采用仅反映短期生产和配送成本的实际购买成本,而非更低的社会机会成本。这种做法对于当前的决策者而言是可以理解且务实、有用的。然而这种CEA的应用注重了静态而非动态效率,忽视了对创新的相关激励。结论:我们的首要建议是,当前CEA评价实践应通过采用参照方案的新标准作为一种"有限的社会角度"或"卫生体系"角度,并在考虑到间接成本和集体偏好的情况下使用药物获得成本,以此来承认并接受这种局限性。当涉及研发成本及创新激励等重要议题时,药物经济学领域也必须承认这种研究角度的局限性。     

贸易性洗钱

转运可以增加海运的效率,但这种贸易方式也有缺陷,其中之一是增加了贸易性洗钱（TBML）的可能性。根据2009年美国国务院发布的《国际毒品管制策略报告》,每年国际贸易中都隐藏了价值数十亿美元的洗钱活动。     

Societal embedding and product creation management

Societal embedding of new products - that is, their integration in relevant industries and markets, their admissibility with regard to regulation and standards, and their acceptance by the public - is a challenge. A management approach is developed based on our case studies in the biotechnology sector and on recent innovation literature. Tools are presented to map internal and external alignments. Learning processes, in interaction with societal actors, overcome the dilemmas or at least make them manageable.