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91.
Espasa and Mayo provide consistent forecasts for an aggregate economic indicator and its basic components as well as for useful sub-aggregates. To do so, they develop a procedure based on single-equation models that includes the restrictions arisen from the fact that some components share common features. The classification by common features provides a disaggregation map useful in several applications. We discuss their classification procedure and suggest some issues that should be taken into account when designing an algorithm to identify subsets of series that share one common trend. 相似文献
92.
The aim of this article is to analyse the internal mechanisms of corporate governance (board of directors and ownership structure),
which influence voluntary disclosure of intangibles. The results appear to corroborate the view that an increase in institutional
investor shareholding has a negative effect on voluntary disclosure, supporting the hypothesis of entrenchment, whereas an
excessive ownership by institutional investors may have adverse effects on strategic disclosure decisions. The results also
indicate that an increase in the number of members of the board to up to 15 has a beneficial effect on the disclosure of intangibles.
However, as this number increases, the effect inverts and becomes adverse to improving the capacity for supervision and control
in the decision-making process regarding the voluntary disclosure of intangibles. The findings endorse the recommendation
of the most of the Corporate Governance Codes regarding an advisable maximum of 15 members on a board to ensure its effectiveness
and internal cohesion. 相似文献
93.
Isabel Gallego‐Álvarez Isabel M. García‐Sánchez Cléber da Silva Vieira 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2014,23(6):361-374
Over the past years there has been a debate on the relationship between the environmental and financial performance of businesses, but researchers have not reached any agreement. This research attempts to explore this relationship, especially as in recent years there has been controversy about how this relationship has been affected by the global economic crisis. Taking into account that successfully limiting global climate change to safe levels in the long term is likely to require connecting climate change policies to sustainable development strategies, this paper focuses on the performance of environmental policies. We used a sample of 855 international companies in sectors of intensive greenhouse gas/CO2 emissions. Specifically, we used data from the Forbes Global 2000 Index and Carbon Disclosure Project data from 2006 to 2009. The data analysis was performed using panel data methodology. The results obtained show that in times of economic crisis, the synergy between environmental and financial performance is higher, meaning that companies must continue to invest in sustainable projects in order to enhance relations with their stakeholders, leading to higher economic profits. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
94.
Pedro J. García‐Teruel Pedro Martínez‐Solano Juan P. Sánchez‐Ballesta 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2014,41(9-10):1193-1211
In this paper we investigate the effect of earnings quality on supplier credit in a sample of small and medium‐sized firms. After controlling for other determinants of trade credit, we show that firms whose earnings present lower variability, higher smoothing and predictability, and higher accruals quality have access to more trade credit from suppliers. This association suggests that earnings attributes associated to lower volatility and higher precision with respect to cash flows facilitate access to trade credit. 相似文献
95.
Many test statistics follow a χ2 distribution because a normal model is assumed as underlying distribution. In this paper we obtain good analytic approximations for the p-value and the critical value of χ2 tests when the underlying distribution is close but different from the normal model. With these approximations we study the robustness of validity of χ2 tests 相似文献
96.
Pedro J. García‐Teruel Pedro Martínez‐Solano Juan Pedro Sánchez‐Ballesta 《Accounting & Finance》2009,49(1):95-115
This Work Uses Panel Data For Firms Listed In The Spanish Stock Exchange Over The Period From 1995 To 2001 To Analyse The Effect Of Accounting Quality On Cash Holdings. The Results Show That Firms With Good Accruals Quality Hold Lower Cash Levels Than Firms With Poor Accruals Quality. This Finding Suggests That The Quality Of Accounting Information May Reduce The Negative Effects Of Information Asymmetries And Adverse Selection Costs, Allowing Firms To Reduce Their Level Of Corporate Cash Holdings. The Results Also Show That Cash Holdings Decrease When Firms Increase Their Use Of Bank Debt And In The Presence Of Cash Substitutes. In Contrast With This, Firms With Higher Cash Flow Hold Higher Levels Of Cash. 相似文献
97.
Governments often subsidize poorer groups in society to ensure their access to new drugs. We analyse the optimal income‐based price subsidies in a strategic environment. We show that universal access is less likely to arise when price arbitrage prevents international price discrimination. When this is not the case, under some income ranges, bilateral universal coverage can be supported by equilibrium subsidies together with bilateral partial provision. In such a case, international health policy coordination becomes relevant. We also show that asymmetric universal access to medicines across countries can arise, even when countries are ex ante symmetric, when international price discrimination is possible and governments cannot design subsidies proportional to either income or quality. 相似文献
98.
Francisco Pablo Holgado–Tello Salvador Chacón–Moscoso Isabel Barbero–García Enrique Vila–Abad 《Quality and Quantity》2010,44(1):153-166
Given that the use of Likert scales is increasingly common in the field of social research it is necessary to determine which
methodology is the most suitable for analysing the data obtained; although, given the categorization of these scales, the
results should be treated as ordinal data it is often the case that they are analysed using techniques designed for cardinal
measures. One of the most widely used techniques for studying the construct validity of data is factor analysis, whether exploratory
or confirmatory, and this method uses correlation matrices (generally Pearson) to obtain factor solutions. In this context,
and by means of simulation studies, we aim to illustrate the advantages of using polychoric rather than Pearson correlations,
taking into account that the latter require quantitative variables measured in intervals, and that the relationship between
these variables has to be monotonic. The results show that the solutions obtained using polychoric correlations provide a
more accurate reproduction of the measurement model used to generate the data. 相似文献
99.
100.
José García-Solanes Jesús Rodríguez-López José Luis Torres 《Open Economies Review》2011,22(4):739-766
This paper studies the trade balance dynamics in the G-7 countries plus Spain. We estimate a SVAR model to identify three
different shocks: real supply shocks, real demand disturbances and nominal shocks. A microfounded stochastic open-economy
model is built to derive the long-term identification restrictions. Estimates show that real demand shocks explain most of
the variability of trade imbalances, whereas, contrary to previous findings, nominal shocks play a very limited role. These
results are consistent with the predictions of a widely set of open-economy models and illustrate that demand policies are
the main responsible of trade imbalances. 相似文献