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81.
We analyze how insurance law can mitigate moral hazard by allowing insurers to reduce or cancel coverage in some circumstances. We consider an incomplete contract setting in which the insurer may obtain information related to the policyholder's behavior through a costly audit of the circumstances of the loss. Court decisions are based on a standard of proof such as the balance of probabilities. We show that an optimal insurance law brings efficiency gains compared to the no-audit case. We also highlight the conditions under which the burden of proof should be on the insured, provided that insurers are threatened with sanctions for bad faith. 相似文献
82.
The purpose of this paper is to define a new notion of local equilibrium in an exchange economy, where the consumers face lower bounds on net trades. Then, we show that the local equilibrium is unique if the lower bounds are closed enough to 0. By the way, we also provide a convergence result of local equilibrium price toward Walras equilibrium price of a suitable tangent linear economy. 相似文献
83.
84.
In this paper we study the efficient points of a closed production set with free disposal. We first provide a condition on
the boundary of the production set, which is equivalent to the fact that all boundary points are efficient. When the production
set is convex, we also give an alternative characterization of efficiency around a given production vector in terms of the
profit maximization rule. In the non-convex case, this condition expressed with the marginal pricing rule is sufficient for
efficiency. Then we study the Luenberger’s shortage function. We first provide basic properties on it. Then, we prove that
the above necessary condition at a production vector implies that the shortage function is locally Lipschitz continuous and
the efficient points in a neighborhood are the zeros of it and conversely. 相似文献
85.
A Distance-Based Collective Preorder Integrating the Relative Importance of the Group's Members 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
In this paper, we propose an aggregation procedure, which includes two steps. In the first one, the group's members elaborate individually a preorder (total or partial) on the alternatives set. These preorders can be obtained, for example, by applying a multicriterion aggregation procedure such as ELECTRE III, PROMETHEE I or II. In the second step, these individual preorders (total or partial) are aggregated into a collective preorder (total or partial). For this purpose, we first built a distance measure between pairs of binary relations in order to quantify the divergence between two preorders. Then we determine, for each pair of alternatives, the relative importance coefficients of the group's members by using a method based on subjective and objective components. These coefficients and the distance measure are finally exploited by an iterative algorithm in order to elaborate a collective preorder synthesizing the individual preorders. 相似文献
86.
We analyze the impacts of bioenergy trade on greenhouse gas emissions using a two-good, three-factor model. Bioenergy is an agricultural good used as a substitute for fossil fuels in industry. Governments tax domestic pollution without international coordination. We assume that northern countries have higher labor productivity than southern ones and that agriculture is less pollution intensive than industry (after taxation). We show that whereas southern countries impose a lower tax rate than northern ones, they do not necessary have a competitive advantage in industry, and that compared to autarky, trade liberalization either increases or decreases worldwide emissions depending on regional comparative advantages. 相似文献
87.
In an exchange economy, we define a discrete exchange process, which is Walrasian, since the trades are determined by the equilibrium allocation of the local equilibrium. We prove that this process attains a Pareto optimal allocation after a finite number of steps and the local equilibrium price then supports the Pareto optimal allocation. Furthermore, along the process, the allocation remains feasible and the utility of each consumer is non-decreasing. 相似文献
88.
Youichiro Higashi Sujoy Mukerji Norio Takeoka Jean-Marc Tallon 《International Journal of Economic Theory》2008,4(3):433-444
In the setting of Ellsberg's two-color experiment, Mukerji and Tallon (2003) claim, without relying on particular representations, that ambiguity-averse behavior implies subjective portfolio inertia. In this note, we point out using a counterexample that their axioms are not enough to establish the result. We fill in the gap in their argument using additional axioms and argue that these axioms are of their own interest in that they behaviorally separate two prominent models of ambiguity: the maximin expected utility and smooth ambiguity models. 相似文献
89.
90.
This article studies the connection between political instability and the sustainability of an exchange rate regime. A model based on the credibility of monetary policy shows that political unrest should be correlated with the adoption of flexible exchange rates. That intuition is tested using various measures of political instability on a panel of 125 countries between 1980 and 1994. 相似文献