哪些制度更适于欧洲的增长、研究、金融和劳动力市场

本文从研发投资、公司融资、劳动合同及社会保障等五个方面剖析了欧洲各国制度的差异和多样性.与大一统的国家如美国相比较而言,这种多样性和差异虽在一定程度上制约了欧洲的发展,但也是欧洲发展的潜力所在,关键是各国在决策时应充分考虑到多样性的存在,并对此加以积极协调,进而推动经济发展.     

Wealth inequality and efficiency in the Commons, part II: the regulated case

Does more inequality lead to more efficiency in the managementof common property resources? To answer this question, an attemptis made to develop relevant theoretical models and to articulatethem with empirical evidence drawn mainly from social sciencestudies. The paper is divided into two parts. In this, the secondpart, it is shown that inequality tends to amplify the distributiveeffects of regulation when the latter is carried out throughthe use of second best instruments. As a resuh efficiency gainsfrom regulation must decrease as inequality increases, for allusers to gain from such regulation.     

Generation and distribution of the total factor productivity gains in US industries

This study estimates productivity gains and their distribution among inputs and outputs for 63 American industries over the period 1987–2012. Using the traditional surplus accounting method, the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth rates are divided into their price change components in order to determine the stakeholders who do or do not receive price advantages.

An initial analysis showed that TFP of US industries increased at an average trend of 0.8% and established that remunerations to employees and firms’ profitability constituted 49% and 39%, respectively, of the accumulated economic surplus from the productivity gains. Suppliers of intermediate inputs retained 12.1% of the surplus. Finally, customers, equipment and structure providers were the losers in the distribution of economic surplus via, respectively, a significant growth of relative final demand prices and a substantial price decrease of these assets.

A second step analysis underlined that industries with high TFP growth rates mainly benefited customers and firms via output price decreases and profitability improvements while industries with low or negative TFP changes hurt customers through significant output price increases. The sectoral level analysis also showed that employees’ remunerations depend only slightly on productivity gains produced within their industrial sectors.     

Performance analysis for three pillars of sustainability

Journal of Productivity Analysis - Gross domestic product (GDP) has come under criticism as the only objective that countries should pursue for societal well-being. In this paper we apply an...     

A gravity model to account for vertical linkages between markets with an application to the cattle/beef sector

A gravity model is developed to explain bilateral trade flows in primary and processed commodities within the same agri-food supply chain. It accounts for vertical production linkages, trade and domestic policies, and supply rigidities at the farm level. Our application focuses on cattle/beef trade flows between 42 countries. The estimated parameters of the model are used to simulate trade flows. We found large differences in the impacts of the full and partial liberalization scenarios. A parametric bootstrap procedure is used to generate confidence intervals around predicted trade liberalization outcomes.