The Australian Economy in 2022–23: Inflation and Higher Interest Rates in a Post-COVID-19 World

Record levels of domestic and global stimulus during the COVID-19 pandemic years helped to mitigate largely unparalleled downside risks. Post-COVID-19, inflation surged in Australia due to overseas factors such as the war in Ukraine, and domestic factors such as COVID-related backlogs in the construction sector. To constrain inflation, the Reserve Bank shifted to a phase of aggressive monetary policy tightening in 2022. There are, however, cost of living ramifications associated with tighter monetary policy. Looking forward, there is significant uncertainty about the rate at which inflation will normalise, and the spending response of consumers to higher interest rates.     

林业生态效率:时空特征与影响因素--基于我国31个省份数据的实证分析

利用2007—2018年我国31省份的面板数据,使用三阶段DEA模型和多元线性回归模型探析我国林业生态效率的时空特征与影响因素。实证结果表明:我国林业生态效率呈现明显的时间波动趋势,先下降后上升;东北部地区林业生态效率值最高,其次是东部地区、西部地区和中部地区;林业用地面积、营林固定资产投资、林业从业人数和林业能耗对林业生态效率产生显著影响。     

Business ethics in China and Iceland—Contrasts and convergence

It is generally accepted that cultural differences affect individuals' approaches to ethics, but how are the effects of culture manifested in perceptions of ethics? Further, how are cultural differences displayed in such ethics-related actions as recommendations for business ethics education? Managers' responses from two starkly different cultures, China and Iceland, reveal, somewhat surprisingly, that one group's top business ethics concerns and business ethics education recommendations are at the bottom of the other group's rankings, and vice-versa, yet each appears reasonable given the cultural background. This shows how nuanced the expression of cultural differences in the realm of ethics can be and how potential practical steps may rely on perceived “top” ethical issues. Together, these findings imply that there is more to explore about the role of culture on ethical reasoning and behavior than researchers have examined to date. We provide suggestions for further research and practical applications.     

基于t检验的星基增强系统完好性数据核验

针对星基增强系统（SBAS）高完好性的服务需求，提出了一种SBAS广播参数用户差分伪距误差（UDRE）的完好性核验方法。利用监测站实测全球定位系统（GPS）和地球静止轨道（GEO）卫星信号，解析GPS电文和SBAS广播差分及完好性信息，对观测量修正误差得到实测UDRE，使用t检验成对二样本分析法验证给定置信区间内广播UDRE′与实测UDRE的符合性，从而完成伪距域完好性参数UDRE的核验。伪距域的核验避免了以往位置域核验计算量大、多卫星故障检测能力差的缺点，有更好的故障检测与隔离能力。采集日本多功能GPS卫星星基增强系统（MSAS）数据并对提出的t检验方法进行验证，结果表明，所建立的统计检测量能有效地反应被监测卫星广播UDRE参数的完好性，通过确定卫星99.9〖WT《Times New Roman》〗%〖WTBZ〗置信度下的判决门限，对广播UDRE与实测UDRE判别，验证伪距误差的可信度。该结果验证了所提方法应用于UDRE核验的可行性，为SBAS完好性验证提供了技术支撑。     

遥感技术在“两区”作物种植结构监测中的应用研究——以黑龙江省富锦市为例

目的 粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区（以下简称“两区”）划定是确保国家粮食安全和保障重要农产品有效供给的重要举措。文章调查“两区”内作物实际种植情况，探索遥感技术在“两区”作物种植结构监测和“两区”数据更新中的应用方法。方法 以黑龙江省富锦市为研究区，以Landsat8多光谱影像为数据源，采用遥感监测技术，对研究区范围内2020年水稻、玉米和大豆3种作物种植情况进行监测，识别3种作物并提取地块边界，形成作物空间分布矢量图，与“两区”划定成果图叠加对比，分析“两区”划定情况与实际种植情况的一致性。结果 （1）富锦市水稻生产功能区内水稻实际种植面积占比88.2%，玉米生产功能区内玉米实际种植面积比例为17.8%，大豆实际种植面积占大豆生产功能区的68.8%。（2）富锦市实际种植情况与“两区”划定成果要求种植面积存在明显差异，差异大小因作物不同而不同，主要受当地自然条件、国家政策和农民种植意愿的影响。结论 鉴于遥感技术可以在“两区”作物种植监测中发挥特殊作用，建议农业农村部门采用遥感技术对“两区”范围内作物种品种和种植面积等情况进行动态监测，及时掌握实际种植情况并更新“两区”数据库，实现精细化管理，进而为决策部门优化农业种植结构，保障国家粮食安全。