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281.
A new gender wage gap decomposition methodology is introduced, which does not suffer from identification problems caused by unobserved nondiscriminatory wage structure. The methodology is used to measure the relative size of Korean gender wage gaps, from 1994 to 2000 across industries, differentiated by industrial knowledge intensity, where knowledge intensity is the extent to which industries produce or employ high-technology products. Korea represents an important case study, since it possesses one of the fastest growing knowledge-intensive economies among industrialized countries. Empirical results indicate that over this period, discrimination (the unexplained portion of the gender wage gaps) in Korea was statistically smaller in knowledge-intensive industries than in industries with low knowledge intensity. Also, discrimination was declining on average over the period. This suggests that continued growth in knowledge-intensive industries in Korea may lead to further declines in the overall gender gap. 相似文献
282.
随着我国经济的快速发展,社会需要大量应用型高级技术人才,因此,高等职业教育受到国家和社会的高度重视,并迅速发展成为是我国教育事业的重要组成部分。教育信息化是促进高职教育发展的关键,文章首先讨论了目前高职院校信息化建设现状,如存在缺乏统一规划、信息标准建设滞后、应用不到位、机制不完善等问题,文章最后还对高职院校未来的发展方向作了展望。 相似文献
283.
Joseph A. Clougherty Jin Uk Kim Bradley R. Skousen Florian Szücs 《Journal of Management Studies》2017,54(3):340-365
The foundational international business (IB) scholarship grappled with whether multinational enterprises (MNEs) are largely efficiency‐enhancing or market‐power inducing institutions. Contemporary scholarship, however, often associates foreign direct investment (FDI) with efficiency‐enhancing properties and thus neglects the market‐power interpretation of the MNE. Such an imbalance is problematic given that the theoretical and empirical justifications behind the field's embrace of the efficiency interpretation are not fully evident. Instead, both efficiency and market‐power effects are seemingly present in cross‐border investment activity. Based on a comprehensive sample of up to 4,361 cross‐border investments materializing between 1986 and 2010, we present theoretically‐grounded hypotheses with regard to when market‐power effects will tend to dominate efficiency effects. We find that cross‐border investments undertaken by emerging‐market MNEs in both developed and emerging markets tend to involve substantial efficiency effects and minimal market‐power effects when compared with the cross‐border investments undertaken by developed‐country MNEs in both developed and emerging markets. 相似文献
284.
在知识经济时代,有效知识产权保护制度的建立促进了新知识的产生和经济的增长。一方面,知识产权制度通过影响一国引入FDI的流量,进而对技术吸收能力产生一定的影响;另一方面,知识产权制度通过影响一国引入FDI的质量,进而对一国技术吸收能力产生重要影响。 相似文献
285.
随着时间的推移,中国的消费者将能够在越来越充分的信息背景下做出消费选择,即使是针对新的、不熟悉的商品。随着时间的推移,制造商会意识到开发质量稳定、品牌知名的优势产品的莫大益处。届时,品牌的价值将大大增加,高质量产品的价格将会上升,劳动力也将得到 相似文献
286.
Yu Sang Chang Author Vitae Seung Jin Baek Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2010,77(5):712-729
The evolution of civilization appears to have primarily resulted from continuous improvement made possible by technological advances. A group of social evolutionists and economists have identified, among others, energy, transport, as well as information and communication to be the three most influential technologies. On the other hand, a number of eminent scholars have cited several forces, natural, physiological, technological, as well as environmental which can place a limit on on-going improvement.The purpose of this paper is to empirically explore the continuous improvement process as well as the limit placed on these three technologies. Using the framework of both connected and disconnected multiple technology S-curves and X-factor, historical improvement data on these three elements have been analyzed. The results of our analysis indicate that improvement in general has continued without limit mainly due to a series of emerging new technologies. These emerging technologies can be either connected or disconnected from the existing mature technologies. Our preliminary analysis shows that much of the past improvement comes from new technologies that on first serious application appear to be substantially superior from earlier technologies. In addition, enormous continuous improvement, which has accompanied both connected and disconnected new technologies appear to have played the critical role in sustaining the evolution of civilization. The paper discusses a number of policy implications and suggests topics for future research. 相似文献
287.
Jin Xin Cao Der-Horng Lee Jiang Hang Chen Qixin Shi 《Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review》2010,46(3):344-353
This paper proposes a novel integrated model for yard truck and yard crane scheduling problems for loading operations in container terminal. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer programming model. Due to the computational intractability, two efficient solution methods, based on Benders’ decomposition, are developed for problem solution; namely, the general Benders’ cut-based method and the combinatorial Benders’ cut-based method. Computational experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution methods. 相似文献
288.
从风险管理的视角探讨了中国商业银行的绩效薪酬体系及其优化问题,即对中国商业银行风险管理与薪酬考核现状进行了分析和总结;从理论上对风险管理与薪酬制度的相关性进行了具体分析;提出优化中国商业银行绩效薪酬体系的对策建议. 相似文献
289.
1990年纳米比亚独立后,中纳双边经济合作从零起步,发展迅速.在经济社会建设、主要产业、高新技术等方面,双方进行了良好的合作,并仍在继续积极拓展双方具有比较优势的项目.中国民营企业也为双边贸易增添了新活力.中纳经济合作对中非关系的进一步发展有很多启示,中国应加强对双边经贸合作的政策保障,有针对性地实施经贸促进措施,并注重实证调研和宣传. 相似文献
290.
The major goals of this study were to identify voters' belief structures about political advertising, develop a scale to measure beliefs, and examine how the identified beliefs are related to overall attitudes toward political advertising. The reliabilities, factor structure, and validity tests indicate that five belief dimensions—information, veracity, cynicism, money politics, and entertainment—have sound and stable properties. The scale demonstrates that voters assess political advertising at the instrumental level (e.g., information, veracity, and entertainment) as well as the institutional level (e.g., cynicism and money politics). The results showed that not all beliefs predicted overall attitudes. Furthermore, the results indicated that political involvement was a significant factor in influencing both beliefs and attitudes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献