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121.
The introduction of an insurance guaranty scheme can have significant influence on the pricing and capital structures in a
competitive market. This contribution summarizes the major findings of a working paper written by Schmeiser and Wagner (Working
Papers on Risk Management and Insurance (IVW-HSG), No. 80, 2010). The effect on competitive equity-premium combinations is studied while considering a framework with policyholders and equity
holders where guaranty fund charges are volume-based, as levied in existing schemes. Several settings with regard to the origin
of the fund contributions are assessed and the immediate effects on the incentives of the policyholders and equity holders
are analyzed through a one-period contingent claim approach. One result is that introducing a guaranty scheme in a market
with competitive conditions entails a shift of equity capital towards minimum solvency requirements. Hence adverse incentives
may arise with regard to the overall security level of the industry. 相似文献
122.
Jo Beall 《Oxford Development Studies》2013,41(1):81-97
This article unveils the different “thought worlds” that inform urban development policy and the reality of urban service delivery in Faisalabad, Pakistan's third largest city. Focusing on changing patterns of residential waste removal and based on ethnographic work among minority Christian street sweepers, the “little sub-worlds” involved in domestic rubbish collection are explored, showing how these articulate with larger “thought worlds” about dirt and disorder. The symbolic meanings of dirt across public and private spheres are examined alongside efforts by development practitioners and donors to impose generic policy solutions related to privatized delivery. Drawing on Mary Douglas's insights about how ritual pollution or danger-beliefs serve generally to maintain social categories and hierarchies, the article nevertheless points to the historically contingent specificities of caste-like relations in urban Pakistan and how these have been constructed. It shows how, under increasing competition for scarce jobs, entitlements associated with hereditary status-based occupations are once more appealed to and reconstructed by these vulnerable waste workers, shaping in the process urban service delivery and the relations that underpin it. The disjuncture born of diverse logics about dirt and disorder reveals an institutional multiplicity and messy social reality that sits uneasily with development as an ordering and unidirectional process. 相似文献
123.
In this paper, we analyze under which conditions a self-supporting insurance guaranty fund can be beneficial for the policyholders
in an incomplete market. Within the analyzed setting, we find out that in general, if existent, the potential advantages from
its introduction cannot be fairly divided among the participating insurers. Thereby, we have to expect systematic wealth transfers
between the policyholders of different insurance companies. We introduce a framework for utility-based fund charges as a solution
to this problem. 相似文献
124.
Jo Blanden 《Journal of economic surveys》2013,27(1):38-73
Abstract This paper summarizes research on the relative level of intergenerational mobility – whether classified by income, education or social class. The literatures on education and income mobility reveal a similar ranking with South America, other developing nations, southern European countries and France tending to have rather limited mobility although the Nordic countries exhibit strong mobility. Estimates of mobility based on social class point to rather different patterns, and we demonstrate that these differences are most likely generated by intergenerational earnings persistence within social classes. The second part of the paper looks for explanations for the differences in earnings and education persistence and finds that mobility is negatively correlated with inequality and the return to education but positively correlated with a nation's education spending. 相似文献
125.
This study develops an integrative model that explains the relationship between Chinese culture, managers' strategic decision making (SDM) processes, and organizational performance. For the study 1200 participants were randomly selected from a business club's company register, resulting in 204 valid respondents. The results highlighted two significant SDM paths used by managers: (1) the cognitive-speed path, which suggested that Overseas Chinese managers (the Chinese who live outside of Mainland China) focus on the big picture, draw analogies from past experiences, and use extensive networks to reduce the duration of the decision process; and (2) the social-political path which shows that Overseas Chinese managers focus on collective interests, strive to maintain harmony, and to save face while using a collaborative style to handle conflict; this approach reduces dysfunctional political behavior, while reinforcing the decision team's focus on common goals. From these results we concluded that a speedier decision making process (based on intuition, experience, and networks) accompanied by the appropriate use of political behavior (that created harmony, through a hierarchical structure, during conflict management) in the Overseas Chinese managers' strategic decision making process could positively influence organizational performance. 相似文献
126.
This paper explores the idea that firms learn from trade by introducing either new products or processes influenced by their trade links with foreign markets. By exploring microdata for Spain, including data on innovation and trade, we find a robust relationship between imports, exports and innovation. The results suggest that firms learn primarily from import links, which enable them to innovate and to ‘dress up’ for starting to export. This sequencing between trade and innovation, however, is shown to be more pronounced for small firms only and technologically advanced firms. 相似文献
127.
This paper traces the changing contribution of small firms to manufacturing in Japan and the UK between 1972 and 1992. It shows that there are significant and important differences between the two countries, although in both cases small firms provided an increasing share of the total stock of firms over the period. In the UK however small firms also increased their employment share, primarily at the expense of large firms whilst in Japan their share remained constant. On of the most striking differences is the fact that in the UK only the very smallest micro businesses achieved a net increase in numbers, whereas in Japan all sizes of firm recorded an increase in numbers, albeit at declining rates by firm size. 相似文献
128.
João Batista Sarmento dos Santos-Neto Ana Paula Cabral Seixas Costa 《Enterprise Information Systems》2019,13(5):719-769
Maturity models (MM) have been used by different enterprise segments. However, while many MM have been developed, few have been validated because of the lack of studies that demonstrate how to classify model levels. This study investigates the literature that presents assessment models for classifying maturity levels as well as the development of the research area. A systematic literature review was carried out, finding 409 relevant papers and a list of the few methods for classifying the maturity level. This review enabled us to update the state of the art on MM and identify gaps that may prompt future research. 相似文献
129.
Vander Luiz da Silva João Luiz Kovaleski Regina Negri Pagani 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2019,31(5):546-562
In the supply chain oriented to Industrial 4.0 Scenario the scarcity of studies on Technology Transfer (TT) can be easily observed. TT is a fundamental process, because it steers the absorption and dissemination of technologies towards the various stages of supply chain. The objective of this study is to contextualise TT in the supply chain of Industrial 4.0 Scenario, focusing on the supply, manufacturing industry and final consumer stages. A review of the literature was carried out, using a structured protocol and criteria to compose the bibliographic portfolio. To support the questions presented in this study, the most relevant articles related to the researched topic were thoroughly analyzed. The results infers that in the Industrial 4.0 Scenario, the supply chain will go through changes, such as real-time visibility throughout the entirety of the supply chain, continuous collaboration between the stages of the chain, among other significant changes. 相似文献
130.