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44.
Joachim Volz 《Economic Bulletin》1996,33(2):15-20
Conclusion With its 1996 budget the French government has all but completely abandoned its election promises. At the same time, in economic policy terms it has gained credibility amongst its partners in the EU. Following the announcement of the fiscal consolidation measures the franc initially strengthened and the central bank was able to reduce short-term interest rates slightly for the first time since July 1994. There is still a chance that France will be able to meet the criteria for joining European Economic and Monetary Union if the country proves able to counter the current trend towards a weakening of economic growth in 1996 and 1997. Although the recent wave of strikes indicates that the cutbacks have gone as far as was possible, fiscal policy is not in a position to stimulate demand if it is to avoid undermining the aim of meeting the 3% criterion at the appointed time. This makes a perceptible cut in real interest rates all the more necessary. This in turn requires a substantial stimulus by the monetary authorities, and this is only conceivable within the framework of concerted action at European level. 相似文献
45.
Using a nested multinomial logit model, this study investigates the demand “reduction” and “diversion” effects of user fees in rural areas of Ethiopia. The results reveal that an increase in user fees of public clinics, which are the most widely used alternative, can have a significant demand reduction effect on the poorest of the poor. This implies that despite cost recovery has been advocated as an alternative means of health care financing in most of the developing world, increasing user fees may drive the poorest segment of the population out of the health care market unless some protective measures are taken. 相似文献
46.
Daniel L. McFadden Albert C. Bemmaor Francis G. Caro Jeff Dominitz Byung-Hill Jun Arthur Lewbel Rosa L. Matzkin Francesca Molinari Norbert Schwarz Robert J. Willis Joachim K. Winter 《Marketing Letters》2005,16(3-4):183-196
Measures of households' past behavior, their expectations with respect to future events and contingencies, and their intentions
with respect to future behavior are frequently collected using household surveys. These questions are conceptually difficult.
Answering them requires elaborate cognitive and social processes, and often respondents report only their “best” guesses and/or
estimates, using more or less sophisticated heuristics. A large body of literature in psychology and survey research shows
that as a result, responses to such questions may be severely biased. In this paper, (1) we describe some of the problems
that are typically encountered, (2) provide some empirical illustrations of these biases, and (3) develop a framework for
conceptualizing survey response behavior and for integrating structural models of response behavior into the statistical analysis
of the underlying economic behavior. 相似文献
47.
Abstract. For simple sequential games, the payoff structure has certain bargaining power implication. Intuitively, certain actions may have the effect of the carrot and the stick as sanctioning means. Fair outcomes can be alternatively viewed as the consequence of their presence. Experimental data on various games are used to test the hypothesis of carrot and stick behaviour. We show that our stick and carrot heuristic neatly captures puzzling phenomena in a wide class of simple sequential games. The results support the view that punishing subjects are not worse off than myopic pay-off maximizers as long as subjects are involved in a repeated strangers scheme. 相似文献
48.
Since 1920, the thrust of German law on workplace codetermination has changed on a number of occasions. We describe the latest swing of the legislative pendulum—favoring works council formation and competence—and evaluate the case for it. We provide new information on the extent of works councils before reviewing the evidence on their economic effects, focusing on some new results from matched-plant data. If the former evidence points to a codetermination deficit, this shortfall does not appear to have negative consequences for workplace productivity, profitability, and employment. 相似文献
49.
Redistribution from a constitutional perspective 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Joachim H. Wessels 《Constitutional Political Economy》1993,4(3):425-448
In its traditional form, Paretian welfare economics has little to say about policies of redistribution. I argue that by adopting
a constitutional perspective, elements of a theory of redistribution can be developed without recourse to interpersonal utility
comparisons. Individuals who find themselves under an imperfect veil of uncertainty at a constitutional stage face a tradeoff
between the costs and benefits of redistribution. The benefits consist of a reduction in the variance of a risk-averse agent's
income distribution. The costs are represented by deadweight losses caused either by bureaucracy or by disincentive effects
associated with the transfer scheme. My simple formal analysis shows that individuals may, even under an imperfect veil of
uncertainty, be able to agree unanimously on a certain transfer policy if their personal characteristics are not too different
from each other.
This paper is a modified version of a chapter from my Master's thesis, submitted at the University of Bonn in 1992. Revisions
were done during a stay at DELTA/Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris. A scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service
is gratefully acknowledged. I wish to thank Urs Schweizer, Hartmut Kliemt, Niclas Berggren, and an anonymous referee of this
journal for valuable comments and suggestions, which have greatly improved the paper. 相似文献
50.
Zusammenfassungen Die erfolgreiche Integration der Kommunikationsaktivit?ten eines Unternehmens gewinnt auch für die ?ffentliche Verwaltung
(?V) an Bedeutung. Jedoch gelingt es vielen Verwaltungsbereichen noch nicht, ihr Image zu steuern. Durch eine strategische
Neuorientierung und die Beachtung der Besonderheiten gegenüber der Privatwirtschaft wird interne Kommunikation zu einem erfolgreichen
Marketingtool im ?ffentlichen Sektor.
Dipl.-Kffr. Stefanie Henkel wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für ?ffentliche Dienstleistungen und Tourismus der Universit?t St. Gallen
Prof. Dr. Kuno Schedler Professor für Betriebswirtschaftslehre mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Public Management und Direktor am Institut für
?ffentliche Dienstleistungen und Tourismus der Universit?t St. Gallen 相似文献